ArticlePloS one2015
Flow Cytofluorimetric Analysis of Anti-LRP4 (LDL Receptor-Related Protein 4) Autoantibodies in Italian Patients with Myasthenia Gravis.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- On the road to blood biomarkers in myasthenia gravis (MG): Beyond clinical scales.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2026Review
- Low Prevalence and Inconsistency of LRP4-IgG Detection in Suspected Myasthenia Gravis: A Multicenter CBA Comparison.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Observational
- Immunological Targets in Generalized Myasthenia Gravis Treatment: Where Are We Going Now?Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Myasthenia gravis with double-seropositive acetylcholine receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 antibodies combined with muscle atrophy: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Myasthenia Gravis: Novel Findings and Perspectives on Traditional to Regenerative Therapeutic Interventions.Aging and disease · 2023Article
- Development and Application of a Cell-Based Assay for LRP4 Antibody Associated With Myasthenia Gravis.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Article
- Amino acid sequence homology between thyroid autoantigens and central nervous system proteins: Implications for the steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2021Article
- Laboratory Investigation of Hybrid IgG4 k/λ in MuSK Positive Myasthenia Gravis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Clinical features of LRP4/agrin-antibody-positive myasthenia gravis: A multicenter study.Muscle & nerve · 2020Article
- Anti-LRP4 Antibody-associated Myasthenia Gravis with a Rare Complication of Thymoma Successfully Treated by Thymectomy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2020Article
- Myasthenia Gravis: From the Viewpoint of Pathogenicity Focusing on Acetylcholine Receptor Clustering, Trans-Synaptic Homeostasis and Synaptic Stability.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2020Article
- Muscle-Specific Tyrosine Kinase and Myasthenia Gravis Owing to Other Antibodies.Neurologic clinics · 2018Review
- Induction of Anti-agrin Antibodies Causes Myasthenia Gravis in Mice.Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Serological Immunoglobulin-Free Light Chain Profile in Myasthenia Gravis Patients.Journal of immunology research · 2018Article
- Myasthenia gravis seronegative for acetylcholine receptor antibodies in South Korea: Autoantibody profiles and clinical features.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease in which 90% of patients have autoantibodies against the muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR), while autoantibodies to muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) have been detected in half (5%) of the remaining 10%. Recently, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4), identified as the agrin receptor, has been recognized as a third autoimmune target in a significant portion of the double sero-negative (dSN) myasthenic individuals, with variable frequency depending on different methods and origin countries of the tested population. There is also convincing experimental evidence that anti-LRP4 autoantibodies may cause MG.
methodsThe aim of this study was to test the presence and diagnostic significance of anti-LRP4 autoantibodies in an Italian population of 101 myasthenic patients (55 dSN, 23 AChR positive and 23 MuSK positive), 45 healthy blood donors and 40 patients with other neurological diseases as controls. All sera were analyzed by a cell-based antigen assay employing LRP4-transfected HEK293T cells, along with a flow cytofluorimetric detection system.
resultsWe found a 14.5% (8/55) frequency of positivity in the dSN-MG group and a 13% frequency of co-occurrence (3/23) in both AChR and MuSK positive patients; moreover, we report a younger female prevalence with a mild form of disease in LRP4-positive dSN-MG individuals.
conclusionOur data confirm LRP4 as a new autoimmune target, supporting the value of including anti-LRP4 antibodies in further studies on Myasthenia gravis.
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