ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
Perceptual Visual Distortions in Adult Amblyopia and Their Relationship to Clinical Features.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rethinking perceptual distortions in amblyopia: toward a multi-feature, visual-field-wide perspective.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Neurophysiological basis for visual distortions in amblyopia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Letter Distortion Mapping in Amblyopia: Spatial Patterns, Stability, and Relationship to Visual Acuity.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Multi-Feature Mapping of Distortions in Amblyopia With Localized Sampling.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Quantifying the Relationship Between Unilateral Induced Metamorphopsia and Stereopsis Impairment.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Deficits in Reach Planning and On-Line Grasp Control in Adults With Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- A novel tool for quantitative measurement of distortion in keratoconus.Eye (London, England) · 2023Article
- Temporal Characteristics of Visual Processing in Amblyopia.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Effects of temporal frequency on binocular deficits in amblyopia.Vision research · 2019Article
- How to Build a Dichoptic Presentation System That Includes an Eye Tracker.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2017Article
- Differences in quality-of-life dimensions of Adult Strabismus Quality of Life and Amblyopia & Strabismus Questionnaires.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2017Article
- Blur Unblurred-A Mini Tutorial.i-PerceptionArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDevelop a paradigm to map binocular perceptual visual distortions in adult amblyopes and visually normal controls, measure their stability over time, and determine the relationship between strength of binocular single vision and distortion magnitude.
methodsPerceptual visual distortions were measured in 24 strabismic, anisometropic, or microtropic amblyopes (interocular acuity difference ≥ 0.200 logMAR or history of amblyopia treatment) and 10 controls (mean age 27.13 ± 10.20 years). The task was mouse-based target alignment on a stereoscopic liquid crystal display monitor, measured binocularly five times during viewing dichoptically through active shutter glasses, amblyopic eye viewing cross-hairs, fellow eye viewing single target dots (16 locations within central 5°), and five times nondichoptically, with all stimuli visible to either eye. Measurements were repeated over time (1 week, 1 month) in eight amblyopic subjects, evaluating test-retest reliability. Measurements were also correlated against logMAR visual acuity, horizontal prism motor fusion range, Frisby/Preschool Randot stereoacuity, and heterophoria/heterotropia prism cover test measurement.
resultsSixty-seven percent (16/24) of amblyopes had significant perceptual visual distortions under dichoptic viewing conditions compared to nondichoptic viewing conditions and dichoptic control group performance. Distortions correlated with the strength of motor fusion (r = -0.417, P = 0.043) and log stereoacuity (r = 0.492, P = 0.015), as well as near angle of heterotropic/heterophoric deviation (r = 0.740, P < 0.001), and, marginally, amblyopia depth (r = 0.405, P = 0.049). Global distortion index (GDI, mean displacement) remained, overall, consistent over time (median change in GDI between baseline and 1 week = -0.03°, 1 month = -0.08°; x-axis Z = 4.4256, P < 0.001; y-axis Z = 5.0547, P < 0.001).
conclusionsPerceptual visual distortions are stable over time and associated with poorer binocular function, greater amblyopia depth, and larger angles of ocular deviation. Assessment of distortions may be relevant for recent perceptual learning paradigms specifically targeting binocular vision.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.