ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
Protective Effects of L-Carnitine Against Oxidative Injury by Hyperosmolarity in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- L-Carnitine in the Treatment of Psychiatric and Neurological Manifestations: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and Efficacy of a Preservative-Free Artificial Tear Containing Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid for Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized, Controlled, Multicenter 3-Month Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Trial
- Altered Carnitine Homeostasis Modulates Hyperosmolarity-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Lipotoxicity in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- L-carnitine partially restores adherens junction integrity and promotes wound healing in human corneal epithelial cells exposed to hyperosmolar stress.Experimental eye research · 2025Article
- Corneal Sensory Receptors and Pharmacological Therapies to Modulate Ocular Pain.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose and GlicoProOphthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Destructive and protective effects and therapeutic targets of IL-36 family cytokines in dry eye disease.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- Multifaceted mitochondrial as a novel therapeutic target in dry eye: insights and interventions.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Ectoine Enhances Mucin Production Via Restoring IL-13/IFN-γ Balance in a Murine Dry Eye Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Potential New Target for Dry Eye Disease-Oxidative Stress.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Ectoine, from a Natural Bacteria Protectant to a New Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Tear and Saliva Metabolomics in Evaporative Dry Eye Disease in Females.Metabolites · 2023Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway-dependent sensing of mitochondrial DNA mediates ocular surface inflammation.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- L-Carnitine Suppresses Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 Activation in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cytoprotective Effects of Human Platelet Lysate during the Xeno-Free Culture of Human Donor Corneas.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Development of In Vitro Dry Eye Models to Study Proliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Allogeneic Serum Eye Drops.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Essential Roles of Peroxiredoxin IV in Inflammation and Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Imbalanced IL-37/TNF-α/CTSS signaling disrupts corneal epithelial barrier in a dry eye model in vitro.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Transient Receptor Potential Channels: Important Players in Ocular Pain and Dry Eye Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Can the cGAS-STING Pathway Play a Role in the Dry Eye?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeL-carnitine suppresses inflammatory responses in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to hyperosmotic stress. In this study, we determined if L-carnitine induces this protective effect through suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative damage in HCECs.
methodsPrimary HCECs were established from donor limbal explants. A hyperosmolarity dry-eye model was used in which HCECs are cultured in 450 mOsM medium with or without L-carnitine for up to 48 hours. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative damage markers, oxygenases and antioxidative enzymes were analyzed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) kit, semiquantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and/or Western blotting.
resultsReactive oxygen species production increased in HCECs upon substitution of the isotonic medium with the hypertonic medium. L-carnitine supplementation partially suppressed this response. Hyperosmolarity increased cytotoxic membrane lipid peroxidation levels; namely, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxynonenal (HNE), as well as mitochondria DNA release along with an increase in 8-OHdG and aconitase-2. Interestingly, these oxidative markers were significantly decreased by coculture with L-carnitine. Hyperosmotic stress also increased the mRNA expression and/or protein production of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), but inhibited the levels of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1), and peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4). However, L-carnitine partially reversed this altered imbalance between oxygenases and antioxidant enzymes induced by hyperosmolarity.
conclusionsOur findings demonstrate for the first time that L-carnitine protects HCECs from oxidative stress by lessening the declines in antioxidant enzymes and suppressing ROS production. Such suppression reduces membrane lipid oxidative damage markers and mitochondrial DNA damage.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.