ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2015
Visual Cone Arrestin 4 Contributes to Visual Function and Cone Health.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Multilevel Genetic and Functional Assessment of an ARR3 Frameshift Variant in Early-Onset High Myopia.International journal of genomics · 2026Article
- Advances in the study of ARR3 in myopia.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Cone dysfunction in ARR3-mutation-associated early-onset high myopia: an electrophysiological study.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2024Article
- Pupillary Light Reflex Reveals Melanopsin System Alteration in the Background of Myopia-26, the Female Limited Form of Early-Onset High Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Novel Splicing Variants in the ARR3 Gene Cause the Female-Limited Early-Onset High Myopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal control of genome engineering in cone photoreceptors.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- Retinal Responses to Visual Stimuli in Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding-Protein Knock-Out Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The causal mutation in ARR3 gene for high myopia and progressive color vision defect.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- In vivo base editing rescues cone photoreceptors in a mouse model of early-onset inherited retinal degeneration.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Early onset X-linked female limited high myopia in three multigenerational families caused by novel mutations in the ARR3 gene.Human mutation · 2022Article
- Gene losses may contribute to subterranean adaptations in naked mole-rat and blind mole-rat.BMC biology · 2022Article
- Myopia-26, the female-limited form of early-onset high myopia, occurring in a European family.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2021Article
- BBSome Component BBS5 Is Required for Cone Photoreceptor Protein Trafficking and Outer Segment Maintenance.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations.Cells · 2019Review
- Rhythmic Regulation of Photoreceptor and RPE Genes Important for Vision and Genetically Associated With Severe Retinal Diseases.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2018Article
- Article
- Cone dystrophy and ectopic synaptogenesis in a Cacna1f loss of function model of congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB2A).Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2018Article
- Uncovering missing pieces: duplication and deletion history of arrestins in deuterostomes.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- Prolactin protects retinal pigment epithelium by inhibiting sirtuin 2-dependent cell death.EBioMedicine · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeVisual arrestins (ARR) play a critical role in shutoff of rod and cone phototransduction. When electrophysiological responses are measured for a single mouse cone photoreceptor, ARR1 expression can substitute for ARR4 in cone pigment desensitization; however, each arrestin may also contribute its own, unique role to modulate other cellular functions.
methodsA combination of ERG, optokinetic tracking, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot analysis was used to investigate the retinal phenotypes of Arr4 null mice (Arr4-/-) compared with age-matched control, wild-type mice.
resultsWhen 2-month-old Arr4-/- mice were compared with wild-type mice, they had diminished visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, yet enhanced ERG flicker response and higher photopic ERG b-wave amplitudes. In contrast, in older Arr4-/- mice, all ERG amplitudes were significantly reduced in magnitude compared with age-matched controls. Furthermore, in older Arr4-/- mice, the total cone numbers decreased and cone opsin protein immunoreactive expression levels were significantly reduced, while overall photoreceptor outer nuclear layer thickness was unchanged.
conclusionsOur study demonstrates that Arr4-/- mice display distinct phenotypic differences when compared to controls, suggesting that ARR4 modulates essential functions in high acuity vision and downstream cellular signaling pathways that are not fulfilled or substituted by the coexpression of ARR1, despite its high expression levels in all mouse cones. Without normal ARR4 expression levels, cones slowly degenerate with increasing age, making this a new model to study age-related cone dystrophy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.