ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2015
Gender-Related Risk Factors Improve Mortality Predictive Ability of VACS Index Among HIV-Infected Women.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Healthy Aging in Older Women Living with HIV Infection: a Systematic Review of Psychosocial Factors.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2017Pooled it
- Depression Improves the Predictive Accuracy of the VACS Index 2.0 for All-Cause Mortality Among Sexual Minority Men Living With HIV in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- To Be Frail or Not to Be Frail: This Is the Question-A Critical Narrative Review of Frailty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Association of the VACS Index With Hospitalization Among People With HIV in the NA-ACCORD.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Article
- Sex Differences in Non-AIDS Comorbidities Among People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Review
- Obesity, Vascular Disease and Frailty in Aging Women with HIV.Advances in geriatric medicine and research · 2021Article
- Ageing with and without HIV: will advanced age bring equity or greater disparity?Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2019Article
- History of Incarceration Among Women with HIV: Impact on Prognosis and Mortality.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2019Article
- Albumin, white blood cell count, and body mass index improve discrimination of mortality in HIV-positive individuals.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Article
- Non-HIV Comorbid Conditions and Polypharmacy Among People Living with HIV Age 65 or Older Compared with HIV-Negative Individuals Age 65 or Older in the United States: A Retrospective Claims-Based Analysis.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2019Article
- Cumulative Burden of Depression and All-Cause Mortality in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Article
- Association of Increased Chronicity of Depression With HIV Appointment Attendance, Treatment Failure, and Mortality Among HIV-Infected Adults in the United States.JAMA psychiatry · 2018Observational
- Predicting death over 8 years in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected women: the Women's Interagency HIV Study.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Prevalence and Predictors of Hospitalizations Among HIV-Infected and At-Risk HIV-Uninfected Women.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Faces of Frailty in Aging with HIV Infection.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2017Review
- Physical and Sexual Violence Predictors: 20 Years of the Women's Interagency HIV Study Cohort.American journal of preventive medicine · 2016Article
- Usefulness of calcaneal quantitative ultrasound stiffness for the evaluation of bone health in HIV-1-infected subjects: comparison with dual X-ray absorptiometry.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2016Article
- Strengths and Limitations of the Veterans Aging Cohort Study Index as a Measure of Physiologic Frailty.AIDS research and human retrovirusesReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAdding gender-related modifiable characteristics or behaviors to the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index might improve the accuracy of predicting mortality among HIV-infected women on treatment. We evaluated the VACS index in women with HIV, determined whether additional variables would improve mortality prediction, and quantified the potential for improved survival associated with reduction in these additional risk factors.
methodsThe VACS index (based on age, CD4 count, HIV-1 RNA, hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, platelets, creatinine, and Hepatitis C status) was validated in HIV-infected women in the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who initiated antiretroviral therapy between January 1996 and December 2007. Models were constructed adding race, depression, abuse, smoking, substance use, transactional sex, and comorbidities to determine whether predictability improved. Population attributable fractions were calculated.
resultsThe VACS index accurately predicted 5-year mortality in 1057 WIHS women with 1 year on highly active antiretroviral therapy with c-index 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79 to 0.87]. In multivariate analysis, the VACS index score [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for a 5-point increment 1.30; 95% CI: 1.25 to 1.35], depressive symptoms (aHR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.56), and history of transactional sex (aHR 1.93; 95% CI: 1.33 to 1.82) were independent statistically significant predictors of mortality.
conclusionsBoth depression and transactional sex significantly improved the performance of the VACS index in predicting mortality among HIV-infected women. Providing treatment for depression and addressing economic and psychosocial instability in HIV-infected women would improve health and perhaps point to a broader public health approach to reducing HIV mortality.
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