Trial reportNutrition journal2015
Vitamin D3 supplementation in HIV infection: effectiveness and associations with antiretroviral therapy.
Trial report in Nutrition journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micronutrient supplementation in adults with HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of baseline micronutrient and inflammation status on CD4 recovery post-cART initiation in the multinational PEARLS trial.Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on serum and urinary vitamin D metabolites and binding protein in HIV-infected youth.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017Trial
- Vitamin D Status in People Living with HIV: Assessment of 25(OH)D Levels and Associated Factors-A Cross-Sectional Study.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Molecular Insight into the Role of Vitamin D in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Intralesional Vitamin D3 for Anogenital Warts in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Individual.International medical case reports journal · 2025Article
- Vitamin D can reduce severity in COVID-19 through regulation of PD-L1.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2022Review
- Potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation in people with respiratory illnesses, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical and translational science · 2021Review
- The Relationship Between Vitamin D and Infections Including COVID-19: Any Hopes?International journal of general medicine · 2021Review
- Incomplete immune reconstitution in HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy: Challenges of immunological non-responders.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2020Review
- Vitamin D deficiency is associated with neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected subjects.Infection · 2019Article
- Vitamin D in malaria: more hypotheses than clues.Heliyon · 2019Review
- The Potential Protective Role of Vitamin D Supplementation on HIV-1 Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Monthly or Weekly Supplementation with Cholecalciferol 20,000 IU in People Living with HIV: Results from a Nested Cohort Study.Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Vitamin D in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Influence on Immunity and Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Mechanisms of Action of Vitamin D as Supplemental Therapy for Pneumocystis Pneumonia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation Does Not Affect Metabolic Changes Seen With ART Initiation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) may create unique risk factors for vitamin D insufficiency, including alterations of vitamin D metabolism by ART. We prospectively compared demographic and clinical parameters between vitamin D sufficient and insufficient HIV-infected (HIV+) adults, and assessed changes in these parameters among insufficient participants following standardized vitamin D supplementation.
methodsHIV+ adults (≥ 18 years old) with HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL on ART were enrolled. Vitamin D sufficiency and insufficiency were defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) ≥ 30 or <30 ng/mL, respectively. Insufficient participants received open-label vitamin D3 50,000 IU twice weekly for 5 weeks, then 8000 IU twice weekly to complete 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was success or failure to achieve 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL at week 24.
resultsNinety-seven participants enrolled (34 vitamin D sufficient, 63 insufficient); 32% female, 47% non-White, median age 46 years, ART duration 5 years, CD4+ T lymphocyte count (CD4) 673 cells/mm(3). 25(OH)D repletion was 83% (95% CI 71%-90%) successful. 25(OH)D levels correlated with both CD4 (r = 0.44, p = 0.01) and time on protease inhibitor (r = -0.35, p = 0.01). After adjusting for age, sex, race, nadir CD4 and baseline 25(OH)D: 1) current use of efavirenz exposure was associated with a 21.1 ng/mL higher week 24 25(OH)D level (p = 0.007), 2) per year use of zidovudine was associated with 7.1 ng/mL reduction in week 24 serum 25(OH)D (p = 0.05) and 3) every 1 ng/mL 25(OH)D increase was associated with a 3.3 cell/mm(3) CD4 increase (p = 0.06).
conclusionVitamin D3 supplementation was effective in repleting 25(OH)D levels after 24 weeks. Current efavirenz use was positively associated with post-repletion 25(OH)D levels, while greater time on zidovudine was associated with lower post-repletion 25(OH)D levels. The association between improved CD4 recovery and vitamin D repletion suggests a potential benefit of vitamin D supplementation on immunologic recovery during HIV treatment.
trial registrationThis trial is registered at The Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (U1111-1165-2537).
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.