ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2015
Cancer Metastases: So Close and So Far.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cellular Biogenetic Law and Its Distortion by Protein Interactions: A Possible Unified Framework for Cancer Biology and Regenerative Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Pathological and Clinical Significance of Tumor Budding and Its Association with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Observational Study.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Observational
- Propagated Circulating Tumor Cells Uncover the Potential Role of NFκB, EMT, and TGFβ Signaling Pathways andCancers · 2023Article
- Polyploidy and Myc Proto-Oncogenes Promote Stress Adaptation via Epigenetic Plasticity and Gene Regulatory Network Rewiring.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Review
- Phylostratic Shift of Whole-Genome Duplications in Normal Mammalian Tissues towards Unicellularity Is Driven by Developmental Bivalent Genes and Reveals a Link to Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Differentiated by Exosomes Isolated from Cancer Cells Promote Cancer Cell Invasion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The Computational Boundary of a "Self": Developmental Bioelectricity Drives Multicellularity and Scale-Free Cognition.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- An Integrative Approach Toward Biology, Organisms, and Cancer.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2018Article
- Optimal Modality for Detecting Distant Metastasis in Primary Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma during Initial Staging: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis of 1774 Patients.Journal of Cancer · 2017Article
- Carcinogenesis explained within the context of a theory of organisms.Progress in biophysics and molecular biology · 2016Review
- Bioelectrical Signals and Ion Channels in the Modeling of Multicellular Patterns and Cancer Biophysics.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metastases are tumors that develop at a distance from their primary origin and are responsible for the death of 90% of cancer patients. For over a century the notion of seed (migrating cells) and soil (the locus where those cells anchor) provided an accurate account of which were the protagonists in their genesis. Despite aggressive efforts to unravel the dynamics involving migrating cells and the niche in which they anchor, explanations of this process remain ill-defined and controversial. The controversy is generated by the different premises that researchers adopt to integrate the vast amount of data collected at different levels of biological organization. The so-far hegemonic theory of cancer and its metastases has been the somatic mutation theory (SMT) and a number of its variants: They consider that cancers and their metastases represent a cell-based, genetic and molecular disease. This interpretation has been challenged by the tissue organization field theory (TOFT), which considers instead that cancer is a tissue-based disease, akin to development gone awry. In this Commentary, the merits of both theories are compared now in the context of metastases. Based on the epistemological shortcomings of the SMT and the acknowledged failure of therapeutic approaches based on this theory, we conclude that TOFT explains comprehensibly carcinogenesis and the appearance of metastases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.