ArticleScientific reports2015
Virulence from vesicles: Novel mechanisms of host cell injury by Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak strain.
Article in Scientific reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
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Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 157 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Strategic Interplay Between Pathogens and Hosts.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles in the brain: Pathological effects and therapeutic possibilities.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Sustained exposure to outer membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli develop mitochondrial oxidative stress and induce autophagy of macrophage.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Host Factor Induced Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles Promote Horizontal Gene Transfer in Vibrio cholerae.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Capsular polysaccharide-mediated protein loading onto extracellular membrane vesicles ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- The role of extracellular vesicles in the transport and regulation of novel inflammatory mediators in IBD and its associated CRC.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Cardiolipin inhibits the non-canonical inflammasome by preventing LPS binding to caspase-4/11.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Characterization ofIranian journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Review on bacterial outer membrane vesicles: structure, vesicle formation, separation and biotechnological applications.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- EnterohemorrhagicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria and its correlation with pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Immune Responses Elicited by Outer Membrane Vesicles of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Important Players in Vaccine Development.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived From Fusobacterium nucleatum Trigger Periodontitis Through Host Overimmunity.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Cargo exchange between human and bacterial extracellular vesicles in gestational tissues: a new paradigm in communication and immune development.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Clinical efficacy of washed microbiota transplantation on metabolic syndrome and metabolic profile of donor outer membrane vesicles.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Microbial Extracellular Vesicles in Host-Microbiota Interactions.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles produced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) activate macrophage proinflammatory response and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through TLR4 signaling.Microbial cell factories · 2023Article
- Characterization of the Inflammatory Response Evoked by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Intestinal Cells Reveals an RIPK2-Dependent Activation by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vesicles.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The highly virulent Escherichia coli O104:H4 that caused the large 2011 outbreak of diarrhoea and haemolytic uraemic syndrome secretes blended virulence factors of enterohaemorrhagic and enteroaggregative E. coli, but their secretion pathways are unknown. We demonstrate that the outbreak strain releases a cocktail of virulence factors via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) shed during growth. The OMVs contain Shiga toxin (Stx) 2a, the major virulence factor of the strain, Shigella enterotoxin 1, H4 flagellin, and O104 lipopolysaccharide. The OMVs bind to and are internalised by human intestinal epithelial cells via dynamin-dependent and Stx2a-independent endocytosis, deliver the OMV-associated virulence factors intracellularly and induce caspase-9-mediated apoptosis and interleukin-8 secretion. Stx2a is the key OMV component responsible for the cytotoxicity, whereas flagellin and lipopolysaccharide are the major interleukin-8 inducers. The OMVs represent novel ways for the E. coli O104:H4 outbreak strain to deliver pathogenic cargoes and injure host cells.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.