ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2016
Relating off-premises alcohol outlet density to intentional and unintentional injuries.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond social disorganization: Family SES, neighborhood context, and adolescent alcohol use.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- Role of alcohol in urgent ambulance contacts in the Capital Region of Denmark: a 9-year population-based study across sex and age groups.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of alcohol and other drug detections in non-transport injury events.Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of impact of alcohol availability interventions from the perspective of 63 diverse alcohol licensing stakeholders: a qualitative interview study.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2024Article
- Establishing the Relative Accuracy of Using City Directories as Proxies to Define and Reconstruct Historical Alcohol Environments.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2023Article
- The spatial relationship between tuberculosis and alcohol outlets in the township of Mamelodi, South Africa.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Trends and characteristics of cannabis-associated emergency department visits in the United States, 2006-2018.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Alcohol outlets, drug paraphernalia sales, and neighborhood drug overdose.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Washington's liquor license system and alcohol-related adverse health outcomes.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Article
- Looking Back and Moving Forward: The Evolution and Potential Opportunities for the Future of Alcohol Outlet Density Measurement.Addiction research & theory · 2021Article
- Recovery in context: Sober living houses and the ecology of recovery.Journal of community psychology · 2020Article
- Structural racism in the built environment: Segregation and the overconcentration of alcohol outlets.Health & place · 2020Article
- Place management in off-premise alcohol outlets: Results of a multi-methods study in a six-city California area.The International journal on drug policy · 2020Article
- Association between state-level alcohol availability and taxation policies on the prevalence of alcohol-related harms to persons other than the drinker in the USA, 2000-2015.Drug and alcohol review · 2020Article
- Using Zoning as a Public Health Tool to Reduce Oversaturation of Alcohol Outlets: an Examination of the Effects of the New "300 Foot Rule" on Packaged Goods Stores in a Mid-Atlantic City.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2019Article
- Outlet Type, Access to Alcohol, and Violent Crime.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2018Article
- Alcohol risk environments, vulnerability and social inequalities in alcohol consumption.Annals of the American Association of Geographers · 2018Article
- On-Premise Alcohol Establishments and Ambulance Calls for Trauma, Assault, and Intoxication.Medicine · 2016Article
- Commentary on Gmel et al. (2015): Are alcohol outlet densities strongly associated with alcohol-related outcomes? A critical review of recent evidence.Drug and alcohol review · 2016Article
- A Review of Existing Studies Reporting the Negative Effects of Alcohol Access and Positive Effects of Alcohol Control Policies on Interpersonal Violence.Frontiers in public health · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsThis study investigated the hypotheses that (i) intentional and unintentional injuries occur more frequently in areas with greater density of off-premises alcohol outlets; and (ii) larger and chain outlets selling cheaper alcohol contribute more substantially to injury risk than smaller and independent outlets.
designEcological cross-sectional.
settingFrom the 256 Statistical Area level 2 (SA2) census units in Melbourne, Australia, we selected a random sample of 62 units. There were 2119 Statistical Area level 1 (SA1) units nested within the selected SA2 units.
participantsThe selected units contained 295 off-premises outlets. MEASUREMENTS: Two independent observers conducted premises assessments in all off-premises outlets, assessing the volume of alcohol available for sale (paces of shelf space), price (least wine price) and other operating characteristics (chain versus independent, drive-through). Outlet counts, assessed outlet characteristics and other area characteristics (population density, median age, median income, retail zoning) were aggregated within SA1 units. Dependent variables were counts of ambulance attended intentional injuries (assaults, stabbings, shootings) and unintentional injuries (falls, crush injuries and object strikes).
findingsIn univariable analyses, chain outlets were larger (r = 0.383; P < 0.001) and sold cheaper alcohol (r = -0.484; P < 0.001) compared with independent outlets. In Bayesian spatial Poisson models, off-premises outlet density was positively related to both intentional [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.38; 95% credible interval (CI) = 1.19, 1.60] and unintentional injuries (IRR = 1.18; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.30). After disaggregation by outlet characteristics, chain outlet density was also related to both intentional (IRR = 1.35; 95% CI = 1.11, 1.64) and unintentional injuries (IRR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.08, 1.38).
conclusionsGreater off-premises outlet density is related to greater incidence of traumatic injury, and chain outlets appear to contribute most substantially to traumatic injury risk.
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Registered trials
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