ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2015
Are Early-Life Socioeconomic Conditions Directly Related to Birth Outcomes? Grandmaternal Education, Grandchild Birth Weight, and Associated Bias Analyses.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Development and validation of super learner models to predict small and large for gestational age in the second generation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- 20th Century Puerto Rico and Later-Life Health: The Association Between Multigenerational Education and Chronic Conditions in Island-Dwelling Older Adults.Journal of aging and health · 2023Article
- Structural racism, air pollution and the association with adverse birth outcomes in the United States: the value of examining intergenerational associations.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2023Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Social Inequalities and Pregnancy Outcome-Identification of Relevant Pathways and Mechanisms.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Racial Inequities in Birth Weight by Maternal Age Among College-Educated Mothers: The Role of Early Disadvantage.American journal of preventive medicine · 2022Article
- Measuring the Effect of Neighborhood Racial Segregation on Fetal Growth.Western journal of nursing research · 2022Article
- The Impact of Early-Life Exposures on Women's Reproductive Health in Adulthood.Current epidemiology reports · 2021Review
- Methodological Issues in Population-Based Studies of Multigenerational Associations.American journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Maternal Birth Weight and BMI Mediate the Transgenerational Effect of Grandmaternal BMI on Grandchild's Birth Weight.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020Article
- A Scoping Review of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Distributions of Birth Outcomes: Through a Conceptual and Methodological Lens.Maternal and child health journal · 2020Article
- Parental population exposure to historical socioeconomic and political periods and grand-child's birth weight in the Lifeways Cross-Generation Cohort Study in the Republic of Ireland.SSM - population health · 2018Article
- Smoking during pregnancy in relation to grandchild birth weight and BMI trajectories.PloS one · 2017Article
- Commentary: The formal approach to quantitative causal inference in epidemiology: misguided or misrepresented?International journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Accounting for Life-Course Exposures in Epigenetic Biomarker Association Studies: Early Life Socioeconomic Position, Candidate Gene DNA Methylation, and Adult Cardiometabolic Risk.American journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
- Huang et al. Respond to "Multigenerational Social Determinants of Health".American journal of epidemiology · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
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Abstract
Grandmaternal education may be related to grandchild birth weight (GBW) through maternal early-life development; however, conventional regression models may be endogenously confounded. Alternative models employing explicit structural assumptions may provide incrementally clearer evidence. We used data from the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (1995-2009; 1,681 mother-child pairs) to estimate "direct effects" of grandmaternal educational level (less than high school, high school diploma or equivalent, or college degree) at the time of the mother's birth on GBW, adjusted for maternal life-course factors: maltreatment as a child, education and income as an adult, prepregnancy overweight, and prenatal smoking. Using conventional and marginal structural model (MSM) approaches, we estimated 54-g (95% confidence interval: -14.0, 122.1) and 87-g (95% confidence interval: 10.9, 162.5) higher GBWs per increase in educational level, respectively. The MSM allowed simultaneous mediation by and adjustment for prepregnancy overweight. Estimates were insensitive to alternate structural assumptions and mediator parameterizations. Bias analysis suggested that a single unmeasured confounder would have to have a strong influence on GBW (approximately 150 g) or be greatly imbalanced across exposure groups (approximately 25%) to completely explain the findings. Coupling an MSM with sensitivity analyses provides some evidence that maternal early-life socioeconomic environment is directly associated with offspring birth weight.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.