Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26282377›Full record

ReviewNanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine2015

Design considerations for nanotherapeutics in oncology.

Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos, Rakesh K Jain

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
111citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

111 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
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  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. From Nanoparticle Design to Clinical Translation in Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  10. Enhancing nanomedicine efficacy in KPC pancreatic tumors through ketotifen-mediated tumor microenvironment remodeling.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Enhancing cancer therapyLab on a chip · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Triantafyllos StylianopoulosCancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus. Electronic address: tstylian@ucy.ac.cy.
Rakesh K JainEdwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jain@steele.mgh.harvard.edu.

Funding

Vascular Normalization: Rolse of Perivascular CellsP01CA080124 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2000 to 2016
$35.0M
Integrative Biology of Tumor MetastasisR01CA085140 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2005 to 2009
$8.6M
Probing Tumor Microenvironment Using NanotechnologyR01CA126642 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2008 to 2012
$8.3M
NO in Tumor Angiogenesis,Microcirculation &Rad.TherapyR01CA096915 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI FUKUMURA, DAI · 2002 to 2012
$3.0M
Viral Vectors in Tumors: Effects of Taxol and RadiationR01CA098706 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BOUCHER, YVES · 2003 to 2013
$2.8M
Role of BMDCs in Solid Tumor Growth and RelapseR01CA115767 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JAIN, RAKESH K. · 2006 to 2010
$2.2M
NCI NIH HHS P01 CA080124NCI NIH HHS P01-CA080124NCI NIH HHS R01 CA085140NCI NIH HHS R01-CA085140NCI NIH HHS R01 CA096915NCI NIH HHS R01-CA096915NCI NIH HHS R01 CA098706NCI NIH HHS R01-CA098706NCI NIH HHS R01 CA115767NCI NIH HHS R01-CA115767NCI NIH HHS R01 CA126642NCI NIH HHS R01-CA126642
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Nanotherapeutics have improved the quality of life of cancer patients, primarily by reducing the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents, but improvements in overall survival are modest. This is in large part due to the fact that the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which is the basis for the use of nanoparticles in cancer, can be also a barrier to the delivery of nanomedicines. A careful design of nanoparticle formulations can overcome barriers posed by the tumor microenvironment and result in better treatments. In this review, we first discuss strengths and limitations of clinically-approved nanoparticles. Then, we evaluate design parameters that can be modulated to optimize delivery. The benefits of active tumor targeting and drug release rate on intratumoral delivery and treatment efficacy are also discussed. Finally, we suggest specific design strategies that should optimize delivery to most solid tumors and discuss under what conditions active targeting would be beneficial. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: Advances in nanotechnology have seen the introduction of new treatment modalities for cancer. The principle of action using nanocarriers for drug delivery is based mostly on the Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect. This phenomenon however, can also be a hindrance. In this article, the authors performed an in-depth review on various nanoparticle platforms in cancer therapeutics. They also suggested options to improve drug delivery, in terms of carrier design.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug Delivery SystemsHumansNanomedicineNanoparticlesNanotechnologyNeoplasmsQuality of LifeAntineoplastic AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsCancer therapyControlled drug releaseEPR effectNanomedicineNanoparticle targeting

Identifiers

PMID26282377
PMCPMC4628869

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.