ArticleBMC psychiatry2015
Measuring depression with CES-D in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: the validity and its comparison to PHQ-9.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07305415 (Integrative Therapeutic Programme to Regulate Expressed Emotions Among Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 55 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Integrative Therapeutic Programme to Regulate Expressed Emotions Among Informal Caregivers of People With Dementia: a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of depression with glycaemic control in people living with diabetes in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Patient-reported outcome measures for assessing health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Pooled it
- Measurement Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Diabetes: Systematic Review.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of depression questionnaires in adult patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Measurement properties of depression questionnaires in patients with diabetes: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2018Pooled it
- Cognitive behavioural therapy on improving the depression symptoms in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials.Bioscience reports · 2017Pooled it
- Dose-Response Effects of Patient Engagement on Health Outcomes in an mHealth Intervention: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2022Trial
- Mediating Effects of Stigma and Depressive Symptoms in a Social Media-Based Intervention to Improve Long-term Quality of Life Among People Living With HIV: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Trial
- Mechanisms and Effects of a WeChat-Based Intervention on Suicide Among People Living With HIV and Depression: Path Model Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- Association between depressive symptoms and thoracic aortic calcification, and their independent and joint prognostic value for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the MESA cohort.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2026Article
- Development of a Practical Nomogram for Depression Risk Stratification in Older Adults With Hypertension and Diabetes: Retrospective Analysis of Data From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- ASYM: multimodal depression recognition via mamba-enhanced attentive feature fusion.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Perceived stress mediates the association between orbitofrontal cortex grey matter volume and depressive symptoms in older women.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ethnic Differences in the Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders Among Individuals with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Late-Life Informal Social Participation, Physical and Cognitive Functions Among the Chinese Elderly: A Life Course Perspective.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A Narrative Review of Self-Reported Scales to Evaluate Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Associations of comorbid depression with cardiovascular-renal events and all-cause mortality accounting for patient reported outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a 6-year prospective analysis of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Oral health-related quality of life and depressive symptoms in adults: longitudinal associations of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA).BMC oral health · 2023Article
- PHQ-9, CES-D, health insurance data-who is identified with depression? A Population-based study in persons with diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2023Article
- The effect of neighborhood social cohesion on life satisfaction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: the chain mediating role of depressive symptoms and sleep quality.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe validity of the 20-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale for depression screening in Hong Kong Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes remains unknown. We aimed to validate CES-D, compare its psychometric properties with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and explore whether one of the two is more suitable for depression screening in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes.
methodsBetween June 2010 and July 2011, 545 consecutive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent structured comprehensive assessments completed the CES-D and PHQ-9. Forty patients were retested within 2-4 weeks by telephone interview and 97 patients were randomly selected to undergo the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) by psychiatrists for clinical diagnosis of depression.
resultsThe internal consistency (Cronbach's α) of CES-D was 0.85, with a test-retest correlation coefficient of 0.64. The area under the curve for CES-D compared to the clinical diagnosis of major depression was 0.85. A cut-off score of ≥21 for CES-D provided the optimal balance between sensitivity (78.3 %) and specificity (74.3 %) and identified 17.8 % (n = 97) of patients with depression. CES-D and PHQ-9 showed moderate agreement in depression screening (Cohen's Kappa: 0.45). Compared to non-depressed patients, those who screened positive by PHQ-9 had a higher HbA1c whereas the glycemic differences were not significant when using CES-D.
conclusionThe CES-D is a valid screening tool for depression in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients although the PHQ-9 was more discriminative in identifying those with suboptimal glycemic control.
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