ArticleChild development
A Developmental Analysis of Caregiving Modalities Across Infancy in 38 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Article in Child development. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feeding, caregiving practices, and developmental delay among children under five in lowland Nepal: a community-based cross-sectional survey.BMC public health · 2022Trial
- Age-related patterns of early childhood development practices amongst rural families in Burkina Faso: findings from a nationwide survey of mothers of children aged 0-3 years.Global health action · 2020Trial
- Shaping Development Through Parents: A Scalable Approach to Early Learning.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Parenting quality and early childhood development: evidence from different rural subpopulations in China.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- How does context shape differences and changes in caregivers' engagement in psychosocial stimulation over time? Evidence from a cross-national study.International journal of behavioral development · 2025Article
- Wealth-based inequalities in early childhood development (ECD) outcomes in Bangladesh: A decomposition analysis using MICS 2019.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Early childhood development and its association with maternal parity.Child: care, health and development · 2023Article
- Annual Research Review: Cross-cultural similarities and differences in parenting.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2022Review
- Infant Cognitive Development and Stimulating Parenting Practices in Rural China.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese Version of an Observational Measure for Parent-Child Responsive Caregiving.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Communicative Functions in Children Raised in Three Different Social Contexts in Colombia: The Key Issue of Joint Attention.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Maternal, paternal, and other caregivers' stimulation in low- and- middle-income countries.PloS one · 2020Article
- 'BMJ global health · 2019Article
- "His mind will work better with both of us": a qualitative study on fathers' roles and coparenting of young children in rural Pakistan.BMC public health · 2018Article
- A Path Analysis of Nutrition, Stimulation, and Child Development Among Young Children in Bihar, India.Child development · 2018Article
- Stimulating Parenting Practices in Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Mexican Communities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Caregiving is requisite to wholesome child development from the beginning of life. A cross-sectional microgenetic analysis of six caregiving practices across the child's 1st year (0-12 months) in 42,539 families from nationally representative samples in 38 low- and middle-income countries is reported. Rates of caregiving varied tremendously within and across countries. However, caregiving practices followed one of two developmental trajectories: (a) greater proportions of caregivers read, told stories, and named, counted, and drew with each additional month of infant age, and (b) proportions of caregivers who played, sang songs, and took their infants outside increased each month from birth but reached an asymptote at 4-5 months. Rates and growth functions of caregiving have implications for infant care and development.
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