Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26280652›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2016

Early resistance training-induced increases in muscle cross-sectional area are concomitant with edema-induced muscle swelling.

Felipe Damas, Stuart M Phillips, Manoel E Lixandrão, Felipe C Vechin, Cleiton A Libardi, Hamilton Roschel, Valmor Tricoli, Carlos Ugrinowitsch

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.

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  20. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Plus Nutritional Counseling Attenuates Thigh Muscle Thickness Loss in Hospitalized Cancer Patients.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025
    Article

32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Felipe DamasSchool of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil. felipedamas@usp.br.
Stuart M PhillipsDepartment of Kinesiology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
Manoel E LixandrãoSchool of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
Felipe C VechinSchool of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
Cleiton A LibardiLaboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luiz, Km 235-SP310, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
Hamilton RoschelSchool of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
Valmor TricoliSchool of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
Carlos UgrinowitschSchool of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Mello de Morais, 65, São Paulo, SP, 05508-030, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo · BRMcMaster University · CAUniversidade Federal de São Carlos · BR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeIt has been proposed that skeletal muscle shows signs of resistance training (RT)-induced muscle hypertrophy much earlier (i.e., ~3-4 weeks of RT) than previously thought. We determined if early increases in whole muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) during a period of RT were concomitant with edematous muscle swelling and thus not completely attributable to hypertrophy.

methodsWe analyzed vastus lateralis muscle ultrasound CSA images and their respective echo intensities (CSA-USecho) at the beginning (T1), in the 3rd week of RT (T2) and at the end (T3) of a 10-week RT period in ten untrained young men. Functional parameters [training volume (TV = load × reps × sets) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] and muscle damage markers (myoglobin and interleukin-6) were also assessed.

resultMuscle CSA increased significantly at T2 (~2.7%) and T3 (~10.4%) versus T1. Similarly, CSA-USecho increased at T2 (~17.2%) and T3 (~13.7%). However, when CSA-USecho was normalized to the increase in muscle CSA, only T2 showed a significantly higher USecho versus T1. Additionally, TV increased at T2 and T3 versus T1, but MVC increased only at T3. Myoglobin and Interleukin-6 were elevated at T2 versus T1, and myoglobin was also higher at T2 versus T3.

conclusionWe propose that early RT-induced increases in muscle CSA in untrained young individuals are not purely hypertrophy, since there is concomitant edema-induced muscle swelling, probably due to muscle damage, which may account for a large proportion of the increase. Therefore, muscle CSA increases (particularly early in an RT program) should not be labeled as hypertrophy without some concomitant measure of muscle edema/damage.

Indexed as

Adaptation, PhysiologicalAdultEdemaExerciseHumansHypertrophyMaleMuscle ContractionMuscle, SkeletalMuscular DiseasesQuadriceps MuscleResistance TrainingWeight LiftingEcho intensityMuscle damageMuscle hypertrophyResistance exerciseSkeletal muscleUltrasound

Identifiers

PMID26280652
OpenAlexW1137757416

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.