ArticleACS biomaterials science & engineering2015
High and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid differentially influence macrophage activation.
Article in ACS biomaterials science & engineering, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 275 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
275 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 591 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does hyaluronic acid affect hard tissue healing in alveolar bone augmentation procedures? A systematic review of controlled clinical trials.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections for hip osteoarthritis: a level I systematic review.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Potential to modulate corneal epithelial repairRSC pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Malar Edema after Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers: Expert Recommendations on Etiology, Prevention, and Management.Dermatology and therapy · 2026Review
- Long-Term In Vivo Biological Performance of PLLA-b-PEG/HA Filler.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Decoding mechanoregulation in immunological synapses using biomimetic artificial cells.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Natural Polysaccharide-Based Biomaterials for Skin Wound Healing: Immunomodulatory Mechanisms and Macrophage M2 Polarization.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-Based Systems in Intrauterine Adhesions: Bridging the Gap from Bench to Bedside.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Hyaluronic acid-engineered copper sulfide nanoparticles as immunomodulatory metal sulfide photothermal agents for macrophage-assisted osteosarcoma therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Glycosaminoglycan-functionalized hydrogels for sustained delivery of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 mediating matrix metalloprotease inhibition and extracellular matrix stabilization.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of hydrogen peroxide in the immune microenvironment of hypoxic tumors.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- C1q-CD44 interactions regulate microglial phagocytosis, proliferation, and migration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Functional Hybrid Wound Scaffolds for Controlled Drug Delivery and Smart Wound Management: A Decade of Progress.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Early Osteogenic and Stromal Marker Responses of Osteoblast-like and Bone-Marrow Stromal Cell Lines to a Hyaluronic Acid-Coated Xenogeneic Bone Graft: An Exploratory In Vitro Analysis.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Microglia encapsulation in nanozyme-loaded hydrogels: response to oxidative stress and inflammation.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- Nanofibrous Platforms for Advanced Wound Therapeutics: Mechanisms, Materials, and Clinical Horizons.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Review
- Diels-Alder Click Chemistry as a Dynamic-Covalent Crosslinking Method in Spheroid-Encapsulating Hydrogels for Cartilage Engineering.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Fine-Gradient Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid Supplementation Modulates Gut Microbial Profiles and SCFA Output in a Starch-Containing In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Molecular Weight-Driven Tunable Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hydrogels Modulate Immune Polarization in Three-Dimensional Microenvironments.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
215 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Macrophages exhibit phenotypic diversity permitting wide-ranging roles in maintaining physiologic homeostasis. Hyaluronic acid, a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to have differential signaling based on its molecular weight. With this in mind, the main objective of this study was to elucidate the role of hyaluronic acid molecular weight on macrophage activation and reprogramming. Changes in macrophage activation were assessed by activation state selective marker measurement, specifically quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and cytokine enzyme-linked immunoassays, after macrophage treatment with differing molecular weights of hyaluronic acid under four conditions: the resting state, concurrent with classical activation, and following inflammation involving either classically or alternatively activated macrophages. Regardless of initial polarization state, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid induced a classically activated-like state, confirmed by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes, including
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.