ReviewBiology of sex differences2015
Sex differences in the brain: a whole body perspective.
Review in Biology of sex differences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Human studies of mitochondrial biology demonstrate an overall lack of binary sex differences: A multivariate meta-analysis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Pooled it
- Vocal Fold Injury Produces Similar Biomechanical Outcomes in Male and Female Rabbits.Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation · 2024Article
- Do Sex and Gender Have Separate Identities?Archives of sexual behavior · 2024Review
- Beyond the binary: Characterizing the relationships between sex and neuropeptide receptor binding density measures in the rat brain.Hormones and behavior · 2024Article
- Does acute aerobic exercise enhance selective attention, working memory, and problem-solving abilities in Alzheimer's patients? A sex-based comparative study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2024Article
- HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and attitudes towards HIV rapid testing among Chinese college students: Findings from a cross-sectional survey.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Sex-differences in proteasome-dependent K48-polyubiquitin signaling in the amygdala are developmentally regulated in rats.Biology of sex differences · 2023Article
- A neural substrate of sex-dependent modulation of motivation.Nature neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sex matters: The impact of oxytocin on healthy conditions and psychiatric disorders.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in the human brain: a roadmap for more careful analysis and interpretation of a biological reality.Biology of sex differences · 2022Article
- Translating the Transcriptome: Sex Differences in the Mechanisms of Depression and Stress, Revisited.Biological psychiatry · 2022Review
- Teaching About Sex and Gender in Neuroscience: More Than Meets the "XY".Journal of undergraduate neuroscience education : JUNE : a publication of FUN, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Experimental setting and protocol impact human colour preference assessment under multiple white light sources.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Aerobic exercise improves episodic memory in late adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Communications medicine · 2022Article
- Examining the relationships among adolescent health behaviours, prefrontal function, and academic achievement using fNIRS.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2021Article
- Multi-aspect testing and ranking inference to quantify dimorphism in the cytoarchitecture of cerebellum of male, female and intersex individuals: a model applied to bovine brains.Brain structure & function · 2020Article
- Social isolation alters behavior, the gut-immune-brain axis, and neurochemical circuits in male and female prairie voles.Neurobiology of stress · 2020Article
- Is Oxytocin "Nature's Medicine"?Pharmacological reviews · 2020Review
- Sex bias and omission in neuroscience research is influenced by research model and journal, but not reported NIH funding.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Review
- Sex-Related Differential Whole-Brain Input Atlas of Locus Coeruleus Noradrenaline Neurons.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Most writing on sexual differentiation of the mammalian brain (including our own) considers just two organs: the gonads and the brain. This perspective, which leaves out all other body parts, misleads us in several ways. First, there is accumulating evidence that all organs are sexually differentiated, and that sex differences in peripheral organs affect the brain. We demonstrate this by reviewing examples involving sex differences in muscles, adipose tissue, the liver, immune system, gut, kidneys, bladder, and placenta that affect the nervous system and behavior. The second consequence of ignoring other organs when considering neural sex differences is that we are likely to miss the fact that some brain sex differences develop to compensate for differences in the internal environment (i.e., because male and female brains operate in different bodies, sex differences are required to make output/function more similar in the two sexes). We also consider evidence that sex differences in sensory systems cause male and female brains to perceive different information about the world; the two sexes are also perceived by the world differently and therefore exposed to differences in experience via treatment by others. Although the topic of sex differences in the brain is often seen as much more emotionally charged than studies of sex differences in other organs, the dichotomy is largely false. By putting the brain firmly back in the body, sex differences in the brain are predictable and can be more completely understood.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.