ArticleCellular & molecular immunology2016
The breast tumor microenvironment alters the phenotype and function of natural killer cells.
Article in Cellular & molecular immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- LSD1 ablation promotes mammary tumor metastasis by attenuating NK cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune cell-based therapies for solid tumors, current challenges and therapeutic advances.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- The immune infiltration and prognostic significance of complement and coagulation cascade-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) reduce cholesterol-driven non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression in mouse models of disease.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Immune Modulation and Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Mechanisms of Resistance and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunogenic shift of arginine metabolism triggers systemic metabolic and immunological reprogramming to suppress HER2 + breast cancer.Cancer & metabolism · 2025Article
- Breast Cancer and Tumor Microenvironment: The Crucial Role of Immune Cells.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Prolactin and DNA damage trigger an anti-breast cancer cell immune response.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the breast cancer tumor microenvironment: crucial factors influencing natural killer cell function and therapeutic strategies.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Reprogramming of breast tumor-associated macrophages with modulation of arginine metabolism.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Senescent CAFs Mediate Immunosuppression and Drive Breast Cancer Progression.Cancer discovery · 2024Article
- Unbiased high-dimensional flow cytometry identified NK and DC immune cell signature in Luminal A-type and triple negative breast cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2024Article
- Cellular interactions in tumor microenvironment during breast cancer progression: new frontiers and implications for novel therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- OMIP-095: 40-Color spectral flow cytometry delineates all major leukocyte populations in murine lymphoid tissues.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2023Article
- Reprogramming of breast tumor-associated macrophages with modulation of arginine metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The new progress in cancer immunotherapy.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Antitumor effect of anti-vascular therapy with STING agonist depends on the tumor microenvironment context.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- The inhibitory NKR-P1B receptor regulates NK cell-mediated mammary tumor immunosurveillance in mice.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- BACH2 restricts NK cell maturation and function, limiting immunity to cancer metastasis.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the ability to identify and eliminate transformed cells. However, within tumors, many studies have described NK cells as non-functional. The developmental stage of tumor-associated NK cells and how this may relate to functionality has not been explored. We examined the developmental state of NK cells from polyoma middle T antigen (pyMT) transgenic mouse (MMTV-pMT) breast tumors. In pyMT tumors, NK cells were immature as evidenced by their decreased expression of DX5 and their CD27(low)CD11b(low) phenotype. These immature NK cells also had increased expression of NKG2A and expressed low levels of NKp46, perforin, and granzyme B. In contrast, splenic NK cells isolated from the same mice maintained their maturity and their expression of activation markers. To delineate whether the tumor microenvironment directly alters NK cells, we adoptively transferred labeled NK cells and followed their activation status in both the spleen and the tumor. NK cells that arrived at the tumor had half the expression of NKp46 within three days of transfer in comparison to those which arrived at the spleen. In an effort to modify the tumor microenvironment and assess the plasticity of intratumoral NK cells, we treated pyMT tumors with IL-12 and anti-TGF-β. After one week of treatment, the maturity of tumor-associated NK cells was increased; thus, indicating that these cells possess the ability to mature and become activated. A better understanding of how NK cells are modified by the tumor microenvironment will help to develop strategies aimed at bolstering immune responses against tumors.
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