ArticleMayo Clinic proceedings2015
Hard-Wired Bias: How Even Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trials Can Be Skewed From the Start.
Article in Mayo Clinic proceedings, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Characterization changes and research waste in randomized controlled trials of global gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatus hernia over the past 20 years.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Therapeutic anti-cancer vaccines: a systematic review of prospective intervention trials for common hematological malignancies.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Review
- The Ethical Obligation for Research During Public Health Emergencies: Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic.Medicine, health care, and philosophy · 2024Article
- Potential of Personalized Dendritic Cell-Based Immunohybridoma Vaccines to Treat Prostate Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Hard-wired biases in trials: maintenance azacitidine in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and framework for future trials.Blood advances · 2022Article
- Dendritic cell-based vaccine prolongs survival and time to next therapy independently of the vaccine cell number.Biology direct · 2022Review
- Therapeutic metastatic prostate cancer vaccines: lessons learnt from urologic oncology.Central European journal of urology · 2021Review
- Limitations in Clinical Trials Leading to Anticancer Drug Approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration.JAMA internal medicine · 2020Article
- Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer.Cancers · 2020Review
- How effective are antidepressants for depression over the long term? A critical review of relapse prevention trials and the issue of withdrawal confounding.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2020Review
- MAIA under the microscope - bringing trial design into focus.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2019Article
- When is crossover desirable in cancer drug trials and when is it problematic?Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2018Article
- Overcoming the Straw Man Effect in Oncology: Visualization and Ranking of Chemotherapy Regimens Using an Information Theoretic Approach.JCO clinical cancer informatics · 2017Article
- Article
- Conflict of interest in academic oncology: moving beyond the blame game and forging a path forward.Blood cancer journal · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.