SynthesisBMJ open2015
What interventions increase commuter cycling? A systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04035941 (The Cycle Nation Project), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Cycle Nation Project: A Workplace Intervention to Increase the Number of People Cycling Regularly (Phase 2: Feasibility)
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of environmental interventions based on social programs on physical activity levels: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Incentivizing Commuter Cycling by Financial and Non-Financial Rewards.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Effects of active commuting to work for 12 months on cardiovascular risk factors and body composition.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2020Trial
- Socio-Ecological Natural Experiment with Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Active Commuting to Work: Process Evaluation, Behavioral Impacts, and Changes in the Use and Quality of Walking and Cycling Paths.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Trial
- Cool routes: Assessing how green space and paved paths modify heat's effects on urban bicycling.Journal of transport & health · 2025Article
- Mobility Infrastructures and Health: Scoping Review of studies in Europe.Public health reviews · 2024Article
- Public policies to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior: a narrative synthesis of "reviews of reviews".Global health action · 2023Review
- Population-based physical activity promotion with a focus on health equity: a review of reviews.International journal for equity in health · 2023Review
- Benefits, risks, barriers, and facilitators to cycling: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2023Review
- Active commuting, commuting modes and the risk of diabetes: 14-year follow-up data from the Hisayama study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- The effects of long-term physical activity interventions in communities: Scoping review in the Nordic countries.Scandinavian journal of public health · 2022Article
- Finding that elusive bell and other issues - experiences from starting to cycle during a pandemic.Cities (London, England) · 2022Article
- Development and optimisation of a multi-component workplace intervention to increase cycling for the Cycle Nation Project.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2022Article
- Individual Characteristics Associated with Active Travel in Low and High Income Groups in the UK.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Cycling for health: Improving health and mitigating the climate crisis.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2021Review
- A multi-scalar perspective on health and urban housing: an umbrella review.Buildings & cities · 2021Article
- An economic analysis of the health-related benefits associated with bicycle infrastructure investment in three Canadian cities.PloS one · 2021Article
- Beyond cycle lanes and large-scale infrastructure: a scoping review of initiatives that groups and organisations can implement to promote cycling for the Cycle Nation Project.British journal of sports medicine · 2020Article
- What are effective policies for promoting physical activity? A systematic review of reviews.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo identify interventions that will increase commuter cycling.
settingAll settings where commuter cycling might take place.
participantsAdults (aged 18+) in any country.
interventionsIndividual, group or environmental interventions including policies and infrastructure. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: A wide range of 'changes in commuter cycling' indicators, including frequency of cycling, change in workforce commuting mode, change in commuting population transport mode, use of infrastructure by defined populations and population modal shift.
results12 studies from 6 countries (6 from the UK, 2 from Australia, 1 each from Sweden, Ireland, New Zealand and the USA) met the inclusion criteria. Of those, 2 studies were randomised control trials and the remainder preintervention and postintervention studies. The majority of studies (n=7) evaluated individual-based or group-based interventions and the rest environmental interventions. Individual-based or group-based interventions in 6/7 studies were found to increase commuter cycling of which the effect was significant in only 3/6 studies. Environmental interventions, however, had small but positive effects in much larger but more difficult to define populations. Almost all studies had substantial loss to follow-up.
conclusionsDespite commuter cycling prevalence varying widely between countries, robust evidence of what interventions will increase commuter cycling in low cycling prevalence nations is sparse. Wider environmental interventions that make cycling conducive appear to reach out to hard to define but larger populations. This could mean that environmental interventions, despite their small positive effects, have greater public health significance than individual-based or group-based measures because those interventions encourage a larger number of people to integrate physical activity into their everyday lives.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.