ArticleVaccine2015
Management and outcome of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine adverse reactions.
Article in Vaccine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analysis of three cases of disseminated BCG infection in infants after BCG vaccination in Beijing, China.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Article
- BCG-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Induce TLR2-Dependent Trained Immunity to Protect Against Polymicrobial Sepsis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Unmasking Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in a Perinatal HIV Transmission-A Case Report.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of postponing BCG vaccination on the risk of BCG-related complications among patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Assessment of adherence to pre-vaccination precautions and AEFI reporting practices during BCG vaccination in 4 hospitals in Ghana.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Article
- Double BCG vaccination in a neonate: implications, management and prevention.BMJ case reports · 2023Article
- Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of BCG Disease in Chinese Children: a Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin lymphadenitis in Shanghai, China from 2010 to 2019.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Clinical Course of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Lymphadenitis.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- BCG-Induced cold abscess as a complication of inadvertent vaccine injection: A case series.Clinical case reports · 2022Article
- Suppurative complications following BCG vaccine in 2 Nepalese children.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Preventing tuberculosis in paediatric kidney transplant recipients: is there a role for BCG immunisation pre-transplantation in low tuberculosis incidence countries?Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- The role of surgical management of BCG vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis in children: a 7 years' experience from one medical center.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- The Spectrum of Bacille Calmette-Guérin Diseases in Children-A Decade of Data from Neonatal Vaccination Settings.Vaccines · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Infection and Previous BCG Vaccination Coverage in the Ecuadorian Population.Vaccines · 2021Article
- The double-sided effects of Mycobacterium Bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine.NPJ vaccines · 2021Review
- COVID-19 vaccine development: What lessons can we learn from TB?Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2020Review
- Article
- Updates on Vaccine Safety and Post-Licensure Surveillance for Adverse Events Following Immunization in South Korea, 2005-2017.Yonsei medical journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines globally. Management of local BCG complications (injection site reactions and suppurative or non-suppurative lymphadenitis) varies between clinicians, and the optimal approach remains uncertain.
aimTo determine the clinical features, management and outcome of BCG complications at two large acute hospitals in London, United Kingdom.
methodsAll children presenting with complications of BCG vaccination between January 2008 and December 2013 were included in this observational study. Medical and electronic laboratory records were reviewed to determine clinical features, treatment and outcome.
resultsSixty children presented with adverse reactions. Two-thirds (65%) presented with BCG lymphadenitis, one-third (30%) presented with injection site complications and two children (3%) presented with both injection site reaction and lymphadenitis; only one child (2%) had disseminated BCG disease. The majority (88%) of children with injection site reactions were managed conservatively; overall, 95% showed complete resolution within 6 months. Among children with lymphadenitis, 46% were managed conservatively, whilst 54% had anti-tuberculous therapy and/or a procedure (aspiration mostly, or surgery); complete resolution was seen in 59% of cases.
conclusionsInjection site reactions and non-suppurative lymphadenitis were generally managed conservatively, with good outcomes. There was more variation in management and outcome of suppurative lymphadenitis and the optimal approach remains uncertain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.