ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2015
Protamine-stabilized RNA as an ex vivo stimulant of primary human dendritic cell subsets.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological responses to adjuvant vaccination with combined CD1cOncoimmunology · 2022Trial
- Blood-derived dendritic cell vaccinations induce immune responses that correlate with clinical outcome in patients with chemo-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Trial
- mRNA-based immunotherapy platform targeting endometrial cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Personalized mRNA vaccines in glioblastoma therapy: from rational design to clinical trials.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Inhibitory receptors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells as possible targets for checkpoint blockade in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Targeting innate immune pathways for cancer immunotherapy.Immunity · 2023Review
- Review
- Intratumoral administration of CD1c (BDCA-1)Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2022Article
- Blood DCs activated with R848 and poly(I:C) induce antigen-specific immune responses against viral and tumor-associated antigens.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2022Article
- Formulation and Delivery Technologies for mRNA Vaccines.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Advances in mRNA vaccines.International review of cell and molecular biology · 2022Review
- The subtle interplay between gamma delta T lymphocytes and dendritic cells: is there a role for a therapeutic cancer vaccine in the era of combinatorial strategies?Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Review
- Use of Protamine in Nanopharmaceuticals-A Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Protamine and BSA-dextran complex emulsion improves oral bioavailability and anti-tumor efficacy of paclitaxel.Drug delivery · 2020Article
- DC-Based Vaccines for Cancer Immunotherapy.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Intratumoral Combinatorial Administration of CD1c (BDCA-1)Vaccines · 2020Article
- Complex Size and Surface Charge Determine Nucleic Acid Transfer by Fusogenic Liposomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- The Current Status of COVID-19 Vaccines.Frontiers in genome editing · 2020Review
- Health-related quality of life analysis in stage III melanoma patients treated with adjuvant dendritic cell therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2019Article
- The clinical application of cancer immunotherapy based on naturally circulating dendritic cells.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are key in connecting innate and adaptive immunity. Their potential in inducing specific immune responses has made them interesting targets for immunotherapeutic approaches. Our research group was the first to exploit the naturally occurring myeloid DCs (mDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) in therapeutic vaccination trials against melanoma. To develop primary DC subsets as an optimal vaccine, the identification of a clinically applicable adjuvant activating both subsets is required. Although the expression of pathogen recognition receptors differs distinctly between the DC subsets, both pDCs and mDCs can respond to single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) via Toll-like receptors 7 and 8, respectively. Since ssRNA is easily degraded by RNases, we stabilized anionic RNA by complexing it with the positively charged protein protamine. This leads to the formation of protamine-RNA complexes with varying features depending on ionic content. We subsequently investigated the immunostimulatory effect of complexes that formed various salt concentrations on purified DC subsets. Both mDCs and pDCs upregulated maturation markers and produced pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent way to the protamine-RNA complexes. This was dependent on endosomal acidification and correlated partly with the uptake of protamine-RNA complexes. Furthermore, both DC subsets induced T cell proliferation and IFN gamma secretion in a beneficial ratio to IL-10. These results indicate that protamine-RNA complexes can be used to stimulate human mDC and pDC ex vivo for use in immunotherapeutic settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.