SynthesisSpine2015
Association Between BMP-2 and Carcinogenicity.
Synthesis in Spine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone morphogenetic protein in adult spinal deformity surgery: a meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2017Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Socket Preservation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical and Sequential Human Histological Trial (BMP-2 TRIAL).Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025Trial
- RETN and BMP2 as potential biomarkers for prognosis and immune landscape in lung squamous cell carcinoma: from bioinformatics to clinical validation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- It is not waste if it is therapy: cellular, secretory and functional properties of reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA)-derived autologous bone grafts.Journal of orthopaedics and traumatology : official journal of the Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology · 2025Article
- Usage Trends and Safety Profile of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Spinal Column Tumor Surgery: A National Matched Cohort Analysis.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- Synergistic enhancement of spinal fusion in preclinical models using low-dose rhBMP-2 and stromal vascular fraction in an injectable hydrogel composite.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Elucidation of Factors Affecting the Age-Dependent Cancer Occurrence Rates.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Off-Label Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Use Results in Successful Posterolateral Lumbar Fusion in a Veteran Population.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2024Article
- Treating Multilevel Cervical Degenerative Disk Disease in a Patient With Stage IV Lung Cancer With Notable Comorbidities Using a Drug Eluting Biomaterial: A Case Report.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2024Article
- Application of BMP-2 and its gene delivery vehicles in dentistry.The Saudi dental journal · 2024Review
- Bone Substitute Options for Spine Fusion in Patients With Spine Trauma-Part II: The Role of rhBMP.Korean journal of neurotrauma · 2024Review
- Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines on Regenerative Medicine Treatment for Chronic Pain: A Consensus Report from a Multispecialty Working Group.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Bioactive Bone Substitute in a Rabbit Ulna Model: Preclinical Study.Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2023Article
- Transcriptomics of mussel transmissible cancer MtrBTN2 suggests accumulation of multiple cancer traits and oncogenic pathways shared among bilaterians.Open biology · 2023Article
- Freeze-Drying Process for the Fabrication of Collagen-Based Sponges as Medical Devices in Biomedical Engineering.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Efficient autocrine and paracrine signaling explain the osteogenic superiority of transgenic BMP-2 over rhBMP-2.Molecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2023Article
- The Sympathetic Nervous System in Dental Implantology.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Resolvin D1 improves allograft osteointegration and directly enhances osteoblasts differentiation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- BMP2 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating EZH2 in gastric cancer.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2022Article
- Discovery of Some Heterocyclic Molecules as Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2)-Inducible Kinase Inhibitors: Virtual Screening, ADME Properties, and Molecular Docking Simulations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
designLiterature review.
objectiveTo evaluate the association between recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and malignancy. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The use of rhBMP-2 in spine surgery has been the topic of much debate as studies assessing the association between rhBMP-2 and malignancy have come to conflicting conclusions.
methodsA systematic review of the literature was performed using the PubMed-National Library of Medicine/National Institute of Health databases. Only non-clinical studies directly addressing BMP-2 and cancer were included. Articles were categorized by study type (animal, in vitro cell line/human/animal), primary malignancy, cancer attributes, and whether BMP-2 was pro-malignancy or not.
resultsA total of 4,131 articles were reviewed. Of those, 515 articles made reference to both BMP-2 and cancer, 99 of which were found to directly examine the role of BMP-2 in cancer. Seventy-five studies were in vitro and 24 were animal studies. Forty-three studies concluded that BMP-2 enhanced cancer function, whereas 18 studies found that BMP-2 suppressed malignancy. Thirty-six studies did not examine whether BMP-2 enhanced or suppressed cancer function. Fifteen studies demonstrated BMP-2 dose dependence (9 enhancement, 6 suppression) and one study demonstrated no dose dependence. Nine studies demonstrated BMP-2 time dependence (6 enhancement, 3 suppression). However, no study demonstrated that BMP-2 caused cancer de novo.
conclusionCurrently, conflicting data exist with regard to the effect of exogenous BMP-2 on cancer. The majority of studies addressed the role of BMP-2 in prostate (17%), breast (17%), and lung (15%) cancers. Most were in vitro studies (75%) and examined cancer invasiveness and metastatic potential (37%). Of 99 studies, there was no demonstration of BMP-2 causing cancer de novo. However, 43% of studies suggested that BMP-2 enhances tumor function, motivating more definitive research on the topic that also includes clinically meaningful dose- and time-dependence. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.