ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
ApiAP2 Factors as Candidate Regulators of Stochastic Commitment to Merozoite Production in Theileria annulata.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the landscape of Babesia bovis vaccines: progress, challenges, and opportunities.Parasites & vectors · 2023Pooled it
- An ApiAP2 Family Transcriptional Factor PfAP2-06B Regulates Erythrocyte Invasion Indirectly inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transcriptional variation in Babesia gibsoni (Wuhan isolate) between in vivo and in vitro cultures in blood stage.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- LocalizationFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Theileria annulata histone deacetylase 1 (TaHDAC1) initiates schizont to merozoite stage conversion.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Decrypting the complexity of the human malaria parasite biology through systems biology approaches.Frontiers in systems biology · 2022Article
- Sexual Development in Non-Human Parasitic Apicomplexa: Just Biology or Targets for Control?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Global transcriptome landscape of the rabbit protozoan parasite Eimeria stiedae.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Dynamic methylation of histone H3K18 in differentiating Theileria parasites.Nature communications · 2021Article
- A framework for signaling throughout the life cycle of Babesia species.Molecular microbiology · 2021Review
- Re-annotation of the Theileria parva genome refines 53% of the proteome and uncovers essential components of N-glycosylation, a conserved pathway in many organisms.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- ApiAP2 Transcription Factors in Apicomplexan Parasites.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Unravelling the cellular and molecular pathogenesis of bovine babesiosis: is the sky the limit?International journal for parasitology · 2019Review
- The Complexity of Piroplasms Life Cycles.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Comparative transcriptome analysis of second- and third-generation merozoites of Eimeria necatrix.Parasites & vectors · 2017Article
- Identification of candidate transmission-blocking antigen genes in Theileria annulata and related vector-borne apicomplexan parasites.BMC genomics · 2017Article
- Characterization of HSP90 isoforms in transformed bovine leukocytes infected with Theileria annulata.Cellular microbiology · 2017Article
- Comparative Bioinformatics Analysis of Transcription Factor Genes Indicates Conservation of Key Regulatory Domains among Babesia bovis, Babesia microti, and Theileria equi.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Review
- Stimulation and quantification of Babesia divergens gametocytogenesis.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Cis regulatory motifs and antisense transcriptional control in the apicomplexan Theileria parva.BMC genomics · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDifferentiation of one life-cycle stage to the next is critical for survival and transmission of apicomplexan parasites. A number of studies have shown that stage differentiation is a stochastic process and is associated with a point that commits the cell to a change over in the pattern of gene expression. Studies on differentiation to merozoite production (merogony) in T. annulata postulated that commitment involves a concentration threshold of DNA binding proteins and an auto-regulatory loop. PRINCIPAL
findingsIn this study ApiAP2 DNA binding proteins that show changes in expression level during merogony of T. annulata have been identified. DNA motifs bound by orthologous domains in Plasmodium were found to be enriched in upstream regions of stage-regulated T. annulata genes and validated as targets for the T. annulata AP2 domains by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Two findings were of particular note: the gene in T. annulata encoding the orthologue of the ApiAP2 domain in the AP2-G factor that commits Plasmodium to gametocyte production, has an expression profile indicating involvement in transmission of T. annulata to the tick vector; genes encoding related domains that bind, or are predicted to bind, sequence motifs of the type 5'-(A)CACAC(A) are implicated in differential regulation of gene expression, with one gene (TA11145) likely to be preferentially up-regulated via auto-regulation as the cell progresses to merogony.
conclusionsWe postulate that the Theileria factor possessing the AP2 domain orthologous to that of Plasmodium AP2-G may regulate gametocytogenesis in a similar manner to AP2-G. In addition, paralogous ApiAP2 factors that recognise 5'-(A)CACAC(A) type motifs could operate in a competitive manner to promote reversible progression towards the point that commits the cell to undergo merogony. Factors possessing AP2 domains that bind (or are predicted to bind) this motif are present in the vector-borne genera Theileria, Babesia and Plasmodium, and other Apicomplexa; leading to the proposal that the mechanisms that control stage differentiation will show a degree of conservation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.