Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26273638›Full record

ArticleBioMed research international2015

Second-Hand Smoking among Intermediate and Secondary School Students in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

Abdulmohsen H Al-Zalabani, Soliman M Amer, Khaled A Kasim, Reem I Alqabshawi, Ayat R Abdallah

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BioMed research international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Second-hand smoke exposure among school children during COVID-19 in Jeddah.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Abdulmohsen H Al-ZalabaniFamily and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia.
Soliman M AmerFamily and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Damietta Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Khaled A KasimFamily and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia ; Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Reem I AlqabshawiFamily and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41541, Saudi Arabia.
Ayat R AbdallahEnvironmental Health of the Liver Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND

objectivesSecond-hand smoke (SHS) is an important public health problem worldwide. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of SHS exposure and its associated risk factors among intermediate and secondary school students.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 among 3400 students from 34 intermediate and secondary schools in Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Data about sociodemographic and smoking-related factors and SHS exposure were collected using a self-administered questionnaire.

resultsOf the 3210 students analyzed, the prevalence of SHS exposure was 32.7% 49.3%, and 25% inside, outside, and both inside and outside the home, respectively. The highest risk of SHS exposure was associated with the adolescent's smoking status, parental smoking, close friends smoking, and family structure. The risk was markedly increased in association with parental smoking for exposure inside the home (OR = 6.49; 95% CI = 5.44-7.73) and with close friends smoking for exposure outside the home (OR = 4.16; 95% CI = 3.54-4.77). The risk of SHS, however, was lower among adolescents having knowledge about smoking and highly educated parents.

conclusionThe study revealed a considerably high prevalence of SHS both inside and outside the home among adolescents. Knowledge and beliefs about SHS exposure are the main preventable approach.

Indexed as

AdolescentAge DistributionChildEducational StatusEnvironmental ExposureHumansParentsPrevalenceRisk FactorsSaudi ArabiaSchoolsSex DistributionSmokingSocioeconomic FactorsStudentsTobacco Smoke PollutionTobacco Smoke Pollution

Identifiers

PMID26273638
PMCPMC4529938

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.