SynthesisBioMed research international2015
The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in BioMed research international, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Prevalence and predictors of khat chewing among Ethiopian university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- The Epidemiology of Tobacco Use among Khat Users: A Systematic Review.BioMed research international · 2015Pooled it
- Dual use of tobacco and khat in eastern Ethiopia: a qualitative study.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- Tobacco use and khat chewing among adolescents in Yemen: a large-scale school-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Exploring the perception of key stakeholders toward khat policy approaches in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for tobacco, khat, and alcohol consumption among high school students in Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Habitual khat chewing and oral melanoacanthoma: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Alcohol and khat dual use among male adults in Ethiopia: A multilevel multinomial analysis.PloS one · 2023Article
- "If I don't smoke shisha, I won't be able to sleep": lived experiences of high school students in Ethiopia.Journal of global health reports · 2022Article
- Towards a better understanding of the psychosocial determinants associated with adults' use of smokeless tobacco in the Jazan Region of Saudi Arabia: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- An Emerging Problem of Shisha Smoking among High School Students in Ethiopia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Tobacco use and associated factors among adults reside in Arba Minch health and demographic surveillance site, southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Current Substances Use Among Students in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 20-Years Evidence.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2021Review
- Khat Chewing and Lipid Profile in Human and Experimental Animals.BioMed research international · 2021Review
- The impact of protective psychosocial factors on khat chewing among male medical and dental future health-care providers in Yemen.Journal of dental sciences · 2020Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated with Current Cigarette Smoking among Ethiopian University Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of addiction · 2020Review
- Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Factors Among Jimma University Undergraduate Students.Psychology research and behavior management · 2020Article
- Association between qat chewing and dyslipidaemia among young males.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2019Article
- The Experiences of People Who Quit Khat and the Health Care Professionals Who Support them.Addiction & health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Khat, an "amphetamine-like green leaf," may influence the consumption of tobacco. This study reviews the epidemiology of tobacco use among khat users. Electronic database searches using appropriate keywords/terms were conducted to identify observational studies of khat use. Assessment of quality and risk of bias of all included studies was conducted, and the results were synthesised descriptively. Nine eligible cross-sectional studies were identified. All assessed self-reported tobacco among khat users and were carried out in Africa and the Middle East. Eight reported cigarettes and one reported waterpipes as the mode of use. Methods of tobacco use prevalence assessment varied. Prevalence of "current" tobacco use among students and university teachers ranged from 29 to 37%; "lifetime" tobacco use in university teachers was 58% and "undefined" tobacco use in nonspecific adults and students ranged from 17 to 78%. Daily tobacco use among adults was reported as 17% whilst simultaneous tobacco and khat use was reported as between 14 and 30% in students. In conclusion, tobacco prevalence among khat users appears significant. Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to self-reported tobacco use, diversity in questions assessing tobacco use, and type of tobacco consumption. Future research should address the methodological shortcomings identified in this review before appropriate policy interventions can be developed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.