ReviewJAMA oncology2015
Role of Local Radiation Therapy in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in JAMA oncology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 442 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase IB Trial of Induction Nivolumab or Nivolumab/Relatlimab Prior to Concurrent Chemoradiation in Patients With Operable Stage II/III Esophageal/ Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
Phase II Non-Randomised Controlled Trial Of Concomitant Immune Check Point Inhibitor With Radiotherapy And Chemotherapy Or Cetuximab In Advanced Non Metastatic Head And Neck Cancer
REACTION (Radiation Enhanced Assessment of Combination Therapies in Immuno-ONcology) - Nivolumab or Nivolumab in Combination With Other Immuno-oncology (IO) Agents After Targeted Systemic Radiation in Patients With Advanced Esophagogastric Cancer
Maintenance Ipilimumab + Nivolumab Post Induction Chemotherapy + SBRT for First Line
Atezolizumab and Bevacizumab With Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Who cites it
442 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 757 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current gene therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Organ-specific immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2023Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant stereotactic body radiation therapy with durvalumab and oleclumab in ERNature medicine · 2026Trial
- Sequential chemo-durvalumab, reduced-dose RT, and consolidation durvalumab for unresectable stage III NSCLC unfit for PACIFIC regimen (DEDALUS trial).JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Trial
- Combination of pembrolizumab and radiotherapy induces systemic antitumor immune responses in immunologically cold non-small cell lung cancer.Nature cancer · 2025Trial
- Reconsidering palliative radiotherapy in addition to PD-1 blockade for non-small cell lung cancer: results from the FORCE phase II trial (AIO/YMO-TRK-0415).Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2025Trial
- Topical TLR7 agonist and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Toripalimab plus chemotherapy and radiotherapy for treatment-naive advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a single-arm phase 2 trial.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- First-in-human study of SBRT and adenosine pathway blockade to potentiate the benefit of immunochemotherapy in early-stage luminal B breast cancer: results of the safety run-in phase of the Neo-CheckRay trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- Efficacy of sequential chemoradiotherapy combined with toripalimab in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A phase II trial.Cell reports. Medicine · 2023Trial
- Liver-directed treatment is associated with improved survival and increased response to immune checkpoint blockade in metastatic uveal melanoma: results from a retrospective multicenter trial.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Trial
- Combined nivolumab and ipilimumab with or without stereotactic body radiation therapy for advanced Merkel cell carcinoma: a randomised, open label, phase 2 trial.Lancet (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Cancer-cell-mimicking MnOMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Tumor microenvironment-mediated resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: Mechanisms, combination strategies and clinical perspectives (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Modulation of HMGB1, PRF1, TRAIL, and M-CSF after TARGIT-IORT in breast-conserving surgery: defining a unique acute immune landscape.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Article
- Interventional radiation immune-boosting (iRIB). The role of concomitant interventional radiotherapy (modern brachytherapy) in immunotherapy: A hypothesis-generating systematic review.Journal of contemporary brachytherapy · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment: mechanisms of clinical synergy.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Targeting Tumor-derived Sphingosine Kinase 2 Unleashes Antitumor Immunity and Improves Survival of Mice with Group 3 Medulloblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
382 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The recent success of cancer immunotherapy has demonstrated the power of the immune system to clear tumors, generating renewed enthusiasm for identifying ways to induce antitumor immune responses in patients. Natural antitumor immune responses are detectable in a fraction of patients across multiple malignant neoplasms and can be reactivated by targeting rate-limiting immunosuppressive mechanisms. In most patients, however, interventions to induce a de novo antitumor immune response are necessary. We review growing evidence that radiation therapy targeted to the tumor can convert it into an in situ tumor vaccine by inducing release of antigens during cancer cell death in association with proinflammatory signals that trigger the innate immune system to activate tumor-specific T cells. In addition, radiation's effects on the tumor microenvironment enhance infiltration of activated T cells and can overcome some of the barriers to tumor rejection. Thus, the complementary effects of radiation on priming and effector phases of antitumor immunity make it an appealing strategy to generate immunity against a patient's own individual tumor, that through immunological memory, can result in long-lasting systemic responses. Several anecdotal cases have demonstrated the efficacy of combining radiation with available immunotherapies, and results of prospective trials are forthcoming.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.