ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Changing Trends in Complications and Mortality Rates Among US Youth and Young Adults With HIV Infection in the Era of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and Predictors of Mortality Among Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Pooled it
- Therapeutic HIV-1 Tat vaccination promotes durable immune reconstitution and reservoir reduction in ART-treated adults with clade C infection: a 12-year follow-up study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in HIV-Infected Youth.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Trial
- Efavirenz is associated with higher bone mass in South African children with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Healthcare Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care Among Youth Living With HIV in South Carolina: Retrospective Study From 2005 to 2021.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of the ELITe InGenius PCR assay compared with immunofluorescence for Pneumocystis jirovecii detection in respiratory samples.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- EcoHIV Infection Disrupts Dopamine and Serotonin Transporter Function, Altering Release Dynamics in C57BL/6J Mice.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Outcomes of Young Adults With Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the United States and Puerto Rico.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Bone Accrual Trajectories in Children and Adolescents With Perinatal HIV Infection.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Development and evaluation of a high-sensitivity RT-PCR lateral flow assay for early detection of HIV-1 infection.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Overview of the Epidemiology and Clinical Care Considerations for Adolescents and Young Adults Living with or at Risk of Human Immunodeficiency Virus.The Nursing clinics of North America · 2024Review
- Relationship between brain structural network integrity and emotional symptoms in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Article
- Validation of the combined Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale among people with HIV in Vietnam.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2023Article
- Circadian-Coupled Genes Expression and Regulation in HIV-Associated Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Lung Comorbidities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Effect of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on risks of all-cause mortality, infections, parasites, and circulatory-related mortality in HIV/AIDS patients with neurological diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Prevalence and determinants of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Variation in Cardiac Dose Explains a "Fraction" of the Disparities Among Breast Cancer Patients.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2022Article
- A Digital Platform to Support HIV Case Management for Youth and Young Adults: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
13 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCombination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in a dramatic decrease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related opportunistic infections and deaths in US youth, but both continue to occur.
methodsWe estimated the incidence of complications and deaths in IMPAACT P1074, a long-term US-based prospective multicenter cohort study conducted from April 2008 to June 2014. Incidence rates of selected diagnoses and trends over time were compared with those from a previous observational cohort study, P219C (2004-2007). Causes of death and relevant demographic and clinical features were reviewed.
resultsAmong 1201 HIV-infected youth in P1074 (87% perinatally infected; mean [standard deviation] age at last chart review, 20.9 [5.4] years), psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, asthma, pneumonia, and genital tract infections were among the most common comorbid conditions. Compared with findings in P219C, conditions with significantly increased incidence included substance or alcohol abuse, latent tuberculosis, diabetes mellitus, atypical mycobacterial infections, vitamin D deficiency or metabolic bone disorders, anxiety disorders, and fractures; the incidence of pneumonia decreased significantly. Twenty-eight deaths occurred, yielding a standardized mortality rate 31.5 times that of the US population. Those who died were older, less likely to be receiving cART, and had lower CD4 cell counts and higher viral loads. Most deaths (86%) were due to HIV-related medical conditions.
conclusionsOpportunistic infections and deaths are less common among HIV-infected youth in the US in the cART era, but the mortality rate remains elevated. Deaths were associated with poor HIV control and older age. Emerging complications, such as psychiatric, inflammatory, metabolic, and genital tract diseases, need to be addressed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.