ArticleNature protocols2015
The PURE system for the cell-free synthesis of membrane proteins.
Article in Nature protocols, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-Free Approach for Non-canonical Amino Acids Incorporation Into Polypeptides.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Pooled it
- Cell-free membrane systems reveal electrostatic control of ion transport in TMEM165 and disease-associated CaCA2 variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Shape of Things to Come: α-Helical Membrane Protein Folding on the Ribosome.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- SPNS2 exports sphingosine-1-phosphate and imports glucose.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Negative design enables cell-free expression and folding of designed transmembrane β-barrels.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Spatially regulated mRNA translation enables functional membrane protein integration in synthetic cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Molecular systems engineering of synthetic cells.Nature chemistry · 2026Review
- On-demand insulin manufacturing using cell-free systems with an "on-column" conversion approach.New biotechnology · 2025Article
- Synthetic cells by the numbers.iScience · 2025Review
- High-yield production and characterization of functional Kir2.1 ion channel usingSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025Article
- Giant unilamellar vesicles as a model system for studying ion transport.Biophysical reviews · 2025Review
- Lipid Modification and Membrane Localization of Proteins in Cell-Free System.ACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
- Cell-free expression system: a promising platform for bacteriophage production and engineering.Microbial cell factories · 2025Review
- Cell-Free Systems and Their Importance in the Study of Membrane Proteins.The Journal of membrane biology · 2025Review
- Cell-Free Gene Expression: Methods and Applications.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- Synthesis of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor using cell-free protein synthesis system.Odontology · 2024Article
- Nucleated synthetic cells with genetically driven intercompartment communication.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Cell-free expression with a quartz crystal microbalance enables rapid, dynamic, and label-free characterization of membrane-interacting proteins.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Connexin-Containing Vesicles for Drug Delivery.The AAPS journal · 2024Review
- SecYEG-mediated translocation in a model synthetic cell.Synthetic biology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cell-free gene expression systems are biotechnological tools for the in vitro production of proteins of interest. The addition of membrane vesicles (liposomes) enables the production of membrane proteins, including those in large-molecular-weight complexes, such as the SecYEG translocon or ATP synthase. Here we describe a protocol for the cell-free synthesis of membrane proteins using the protein synthesis using recombinant elements (PURE) system, and for subsequent quantification of products and analyses of membrane localization efficiency, product orientation in the membrane and complex formation in the membrane. In addition, measurements of ATP synthase activity are used as an example to demonstrate the functional nature of the cell-free synthesized proteins. This protocol allows the rapid production and the detailed analysis of membrane proteins, and the complete process from template DNA preparation to activity measurement can be accomplished within 1 d. In contrast to alternative methods using living cells, this protocol can also help to prevent the difficulties in membrane protein purification and the risks of protein aggregation during reconstitution into lipid membranes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.