ArticleProceedings. Biological sciences2015
Making pore choices: repeated regime shifts in stomatal ratio.
Article in Proceedings. Biological sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dovetailing the Genetic, Developmental and Functional Bases of the Adaptation of Stomatal Traits to Climate.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Foliar salt spray exclusion and tissue tolerance underlie local adaptation to oceanic salt spray.American journal of botany · 2026Article
- Impact of tetraploidization on morphophysiological leaf traits in the drought tolerant 'de Ramellet' tomato landrace.Photosynthetica · 2026Article
- QTLs for heat-induced stomatal anatomy underpin gas exchange variation in field-grown wheat.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Article
- Beyond the boundary: a new road to improve photosynthesis via wind.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- Stomatal distribution and post-fire recovery: Intra- and interspecific variation in plants of the pyrogenic Florida scrub.American journal of botany · 2025Article
- Review
- A continental-scale analysis reveals the latitudinal gradient of stomatal density across amphistomatous species: evolutionary history vs. present-day environment.Annals of botany · 2024Article
- Stomatal patterning is differently regulated in adaxial and abaxial epidermis in Arabidopsis.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Article
- Amphistomy: stomata patterning inferred from 13C content and leaf-side-specific deposition of epicuticular wax.Annals of botany · 2024Article
- Comparative leaf anatomy of two species ofPeerJ · 2024Article
- Admixture mapping and selection scans identify genomic regions associated with stomatal patterning and disease resistance in hybrid poplars.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Drought stress triggers alterations of adaxial and abaxial stomatal development in basil leaves increasing water-use efficiency.Horticulture research · 2023Article
- The asymmetric photosynthetic characteristics of the isobilateral sorghum leaves under the illumination of the diffuse light.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Stomata on the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces contribute differently to leaf gas exchange and photosynthesis in wheat.The New phytologist · 2022Article
- Diversity, phylogeny and evolution of the rapidly evolving genus Psidium L. (Myrtaceae, Myrteae).Annals of botany · 2022Review
- Light quality, oxygenic photosynthesis and more.Photosynthetica · 2022Review
- Integrating stomatal physiology and morphology: evolution of stomatal control and development of future crops.Oecologia · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ecologically important traits do not evolve without limits. Instead, evolution is constrained by the set of available and viable phenotypes. In particular, natural selection may only favour a narrow range of adaptive optima constrained within selective regimes. Here, I integrate data with theory to test whether selection explains phenotypic constraint. A global database of 599 plant species from 94 families shows that stomatal ratio, a trait affecting photosynthesis and defence against pathogens, is highly constrained. Most plants have their stomata on the lower leaf surface (hypostomy), but species with half their stomata on each surface (amphistomy) form a distinct mode in the trait distribution. A model based on a trade-off between maximizing photosynthesis and a fitness cost of upper stomata predicts a limited number of adaptive solutions, leading to a multimodal trait distribution. Phylogenetic comparisons show that amphistomy is the most common among fast-growing species, supporting the view that CO2 diffusion is under strong selection. These results indicate that selective optima stay within a relatively stable set of selective regimes over macroevolutionary time.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.