SynthesisPsychopharmacology2016
Effects of psychotropic drugs on inflammation: consequence or mediator of therapeutic effects in psychiatric treatment?
Synthesis in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 86 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 180 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychotropic drug repurposing for COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Subtypes and Core Features of Depression: A Systematized Review.Psychopathology · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of parasitic infection on mental health and illness in humans in Africa: a systematic review.Parasitology · 2022Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Tryptophan Catabolite Alterations in Psychiatric Patients: Comparisons Between Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder, and Depression.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2018Pooled it
- Diabetic ketoacidosis in patients exposed to antipsychotics: a systematic literature review and analysis of Danish adverse drug event reports.Psychopharmacology · 2016Pooled it
- Psychophysiological Effects ofNutrients · 2021Trial
- Do proinflammatory cytokines play a role in clozapine-associated glycometabolism disorders?Psychopharmacology · 2021Trial
- Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Medication Use, and Inflammatory Markers in the Diabetes Prevention Program.Psychosomatic medicineTrial
- Psychotropic Drugs: A Promising Non-Antibiotic Agent to Combat Multi-Drug-Resistant Microorganisms.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Psychiatric Comorbidities in Patients with Psoriasis: A 10-Year Retrospective Epidemiological Study from a Tertiary University Center in Northeastern Romania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- METS-IR and SII as mediators in the association between smoking and depressive symptoms: insights from NHANES (2005-2018).BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Minor immunomodulatory effects of psychotropics suggested in severe mental disorders: Associations of antipsychotics with beta defensin 2, antidepressants with C-reactive protein, and mood stabilizers with soluble interleukin 2 receptor.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Article
- Analytical Biomarkers for Inflammation Status Monitoring of Psychotropic and Antiepileptic Drugs.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The psychedelic-peptide paradox: a hormetic hypothesis.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Upadacitinib for ulcerative colitis and pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with schizophrenia on long-term risperidone: A case report.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Associations of dietary biotin intake on anxiety and depression: findings from a population-based prospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Protective effects of psychiatric medications against COVID-19 mortality before vaccines.PloS one · 2025Article
- Repurposing Neurological Drugs Against Dengue Virus Infection.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Review
- Effect of Antidepressants on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and their Underlying Mechanism.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Serum TNFα and IL-17A levels may predict increased depressive symptoms: findings from the Shika Study cohort project in Japan.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2024Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleCurrent psychotropic medications have been shown to modulate immune activation. However, the effects of individual psychotropic agents on the immune system and how these might contribute to their efficacy remain largely unclear.
objectiveThis paper aims to review previous literature on the effects of antidepressants and antipsychotics on the immune system, with a systematic review of in vitro findings, and discuss the relevance of these effects for the response to treatment and future drug development.
resultsInflammatory markers have been associated with fluctuations in clinical status and with treatment response both in depression and psychosis. The in vitro literature on antidepressants shows that some antidepressants, such as clomipramine and fluoxetine, more consistently decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-6, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α), whilst others (mirtazapine and venlafaxine) tend to increase their levels. However, any overall conclusion is challenged by several inconsistent findings, which appear partly dependent on different methodological approaches used. The in vitro studies on antipsychotics are even less clear-cut showing pro- and anti-inflammatory activity for the same antipsychotic agent (haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone) across different studies. We also noted inconsistencies between in vivo and in vitro literature, which could partly be attributed to the interaction in vivo with various biological systems or lifestyle factors that can modulate the immune system.
conclusionsInflammatory markers seem to hold potential for developing more individualised treatment strategies in the future. In this context, further research disentangling the differential immunomodulatory effects of different drugs could be used for tailoring treatment to specific individuals, according to their immune endophenotypes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.