ArticlePloS one2015
Llama nanoantibodies with therapeutic potential against human norovirus diarrhea.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Symmetry-breaking antibody binding reveals extensive capsid malleability in pandemic human norovirus.Research square · 2026Article
- Norovirus-specific monoclonal antibodies that block histo-blood group antigen binding isolated from healthy donors.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Review
- Structural and stability differences among GI norovirus virus-like particles produced in silkworm-baculovirus expression vector system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- A novel PolyAr87-based cell transfection protocol for nanobody expression optimized via a targeted design of transfection approach.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Development of a broad-spectrum therapeutic Fc-nanobody for human noroviruses.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Article
- Anti-hemagglutinin monomeric nanobody provides prophylactic immunity against H1 subtype influenza A viruses.PloS one · 2024Article
- A single nanobody neutralizes multiple epochally evolving human noroviruses by modulating capsid plasticity.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Antibody Phage Display Technology for Sensor-Based Virus Detection: Current Status and Future Prospects.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Engineered Yeast Displaying Specific Norovirus-Binding Nanobodies for the Concentration and Detection of Human Norovirus in Food Matrix.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2023Article
- Feasibility of Polyclonal Avian Immunoglobulins (IgY) as Prophylaxis against Human Norovirus Infection.Viruses · 2022Article
- Identification of Serum Ferritin-Specific Nanobodies and Development towards a Diagnostic Immunoassay.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Long Term Norovirus Infection in a Patient with Severe Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Viruses · 2022Article
- Development of a platform process for the production and purification of single-domain antibodies.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2021Article
- Combined use of lactic-acid-producing bacteria as probiotics and rotavirus vaccine candidates expressing virus-specific proteins.Archives of virology · 2021Review
- Developing Recombinant Antibodies by Phage Display Against Infectious Diseases and Toxins for Diagnostics and Therapy.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- HBGA binding modes and selectivity in noroviruses upon mutation: a docking and molecular dynamics study.Journal of molecular modeling · 2019Article
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Noroviruses are a major cause of acute gastroenteritis, but no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are available. Llama-derived single chain antibody fragments (also called VHH) are small, recombinant monoclonal antibodies of 15 kDa with several advantages over conventional antibodies. The aim of this study was to generate recombinant monoclonal VHH specific for the two major norovirus (NoV) genogroups (GI and GII) in order to investigate their potential as immunotherapy for the treatment of NoV diarrhea. To accomplish this objective, two llamas were immunized with either GI.1 (Norwalk-1968) or GII.4 (MD2004) VLPs. After immunization, peripheral blood lymphocytes were collected and used to generate two VHH libraries. Using phage display technology, 10 VHH clones specific for GI.1, and 8 specific for GII.4 were selected for further characterization. All VHH recognized conformational epitopes in the P domain of the immunizing VP1 capsid protein, with the exception of one GII.4 VHH that recognized a linear P domain epitope. The GI.1 VHHs were highly specific for the immunizing GI.1 genotype, with only one VHH cross-reacting with GI.3 genotype. The GII.4 VHHs reacted with the immunizing GII.4 strain and showed a varying reactivity profile among different GII genotypes. One VHH specific for GI.1 and three specific for GII.4 could block the binding of homologous VLPs to synthetic HBGA carbohydrates, saliva, and pig gastric mucin, and in addition, could inhibit the hemagglutination of red blood cells by homologous VLPs. The ability of Nov-specific VHHs to perform well in these surrogate neutralization assays supports their further development as immunotherapy for NoV treatment and immunoprophylaxis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.