ArticleeLife2015
Enhancer additivity and non-additivity are determined by enhancer strength in the Drosophila embryo.
Article in eLife, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers.
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Who cites it
121 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancer binding kinetics explain transcription factor hub formation.Science advances · 2026Article
- Robust regulatory interplay of enhancers, facilitators, and promoters in a native chromatin context.Cell · 2026Article
- Article
- Locus-Scale Massively Parallel Reporter Assays.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mitotic reactivation and transcriptional bursting govern transcriptional noise in the early Drosophila embryo.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Boolean logic links chromatin accessibility states to gene expression variability across cell types.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Evolutionary turnover of key amino acids explains conservation of function without conservation of sequence in transcriptional activation domains.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Enhancer Trajectories in Lineage Commitment: Regulatory Logic of States and Cooperation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Configuring the Code: Enhancer-Promoter Arrangement and Transcriptional Regulation.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Review
- Visualizing genetic information flow in space and time.Science China. Life sciences · 2025Review
- Neanderthal-derived variants increase SOX9 enhancer activity in craniofacial progenitors that shape jaw development.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Single Molecule View of Transcriptional Dynamics in Development.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- A single cluster of RNA Polymerase II molecules is stably associated with active genes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Coordinated active repression operates via transcription factor cooperativity and multiple inactive promoter states in a developing organism.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Multiple cis-regulatory modules ensure robust tup/islet1 function in dorsal muscle identity specification.Skeletal muscle · 2025Article
- Novel Fluorescent and Photoconvertible Fusions Reveal Dorsal Activator Dynamics.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Deep learning-based high-resolution time inference for deciphering dynamic gene regulation from fixed embryos.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Cell fate ratios are encoded by transcriptional dynamics in the Drosophila retina.Current biology : CB · 2025Article
- The proximal enhancer of the snail gene mediates negative autoregulatory feedback in Drosophila melanogaster.Genetics · 2025Article
- A suite of enhancer AAVs and transgenic mouse lines for genetic access to cortical cell types.Cell · 2025Article
61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Metazoan genes are embedded in a rich milieu of regulatory information that often includes multiple enhancers possessing overlapping activities. In this study, we employ quantitative live imaging methods to assess the function of pairs of primary and shadow enhancers in the regulation of key patterning genes-knirps, hunchback, and snail-in developing Drosophila embryos. The knirps enhancers exhibit additive, sometimes even super-additive activities, consistent with classical gene fusion studies. In contrast, the hunchback enhancers function sub-additively in anterior regions containing saturating levels of the Bicoid activator, but function additively in regions where there are diminishing levels of the Bicoid gradient. Strikingly sub-additive behavior is also observed for snail, whereby removal of the proximal enhancer causes a significant increase in gene expression. Quantitative modeling of enhancer-promoter interactions suggests that weakly active enhancers function additively while strong enhancers behave sub-additively due to competition with the target promoter.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.