ReviewBest practice & research. Clinical rheumatology2015
Physical exercise as non-pharmacological treatment of chronic pain: Why and when.
Review in Best practice & research. Clinical rheumatology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 231 papers, 16 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Is Patient Choice of Exercise Preference Important in Chronic Neck Pain? A Randomized Clinical Study
The Implementation of a Web-based Workplace Exercise Intervention in the Reduction of Spinal Pain in Sedentary Administrative Personnel: Protocol of a Mixed Methodology Study.
Effects of Physical Exercise and Motor Activity on Post-mastectomy Pain.
Effects of Physical Exercise and Motor Activity on Depression and Anxiety in Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome
Effects of Physical Exercise and Motor Activity on Sleep Disorders in Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome
Who cites it
231 citing papers in PubMed, 16 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 500 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of physical activity-based interventions to prevent or reduce chronic post-surgical pain.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2026Pooled it
- A bibliometric and visualization analysis for global research trends in Wushu and mental health (1981-2024).Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Corticomotor Responses to Experimental, Acute, and Chronic Lower Limb Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of different exercise interventions on lower back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Pooled it
- Immersive and Nonimmersive Virtual Reality-Assisted Active Training in Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Pooled it
- The Impact of Exercise Prescription Variables on Intervention Outcomes in Musculoskeletal Pain: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Tai Chi Chuan training on the QoL and psychological well-being in female patients with breast cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Dance for Chronic Pain Conditions: A Systematic Review.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2022Pooled it
- Multidisciplinary rehabilitation treatments for patients with fibromyalgia: a systematic review.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness of exercise referral schemes: a systematic review of health economic studies.European journal of public health · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of workplace exercise interventions in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders in office workers: a systematic review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Sensorimotor Integration and Pain Perception: Mechanisms Integrating Nociceptive Processing. A Systematic Review and ALE-Meta Analysis.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Noninvasive brain stimulation combined with exercise in chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of exercise on cervical radiculopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Flexibility exercise training for adults with fibromyalgia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Exercise-induced hypoalgesia: A meta-analysis of exercise dosing for the treatment of chronic pain.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Effectiveness, Mediators and Moderators of Remote Live vs. Pre-Recorded Physical Exercise Training for Chronic Low Back Pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Effect of a mobile-based resilience training program on resilience and well-being outcomes in individuals with chronic pain.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Long-term home-based physical exercise, pain, and use of pain medication over a year after hip fracture - A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial.Clinical rehabilitation · 2026Trial
- Bioenhancer Assessment of Black Pepper with Turmeric on Self-Reported Pain Ratings in Adults: A Randomized, Cross-Over, Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
171 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Chronic pain broadly encompasses both objectively defined conditions and idiopathic conditions that lack physical findings. Despite variance in origin or pathogenesis, these conditions are similarly characterized by chronic pain, poor physical function, mobility limitations, depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance, and they are treated alone or in combination by pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches, such as physical activity (aerobic conditioning, muscle strengthening, flexibility training, and movement therapies). Physical activity improves general health, disease risk, and progression of chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. When applied to chronic pain conditions within appropriate parameters (frequency, duration, and intensity), physical activity significantly improves pain and related symptoms. For chronic pain, strict guidelines for physical activity are lacking, but frequent movement is preferable to sedentary behavior. This gives considerable freedom in prescribing physical activity treatments, which are most successful when tailored individually, progressed slowly, and account for physical limitations, psychosocial needs, and available resources.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.