SynthesisNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2015
Dietary intake of iron, zinc, copper, and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Adherence toFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of 46 Systematic Reviews.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Pooled it
- Decreased circulating Zinc levels in Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis study.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Environmental toxins in neurodegeneration - a narrative review.Neurological research and practice · 2025Review
- Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for iron.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Dietary Copper Intake and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: a Cross-sectional Study.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Prevention of Parkinson's Disease: From Risk Factors to Early Interventions.CNS & neurological disorders drug targets · 2024Review
- Association between dietary intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional analysis of survey data from NHANES 2007-2016.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- A Prospective Study on the Relationship between Iron Supplement Intake, Hemoglobin Concentration, and Risk of Parkinsonism.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Effect Modification between Genes and Environment and Parkinson's Disease Risk.Annals of neurology · 2022Review
- The microbiome-gut-brain axis in Parkinson disease - from basic research to the clinic.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2022Review
- Zinc Intakes and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Synaptic Zinc: An Emerging Player in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Zinc.Advances in food and nutrition research · 2021Review
- Metal Exposure and SNCA rs356219 Polymorphism Associated With Parkinson Disease and Parkinsonism.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
- The Function of the Metals in Regulating Epigenetics During Parkinson's Disease.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Review
- Nutritional Risk Factors, Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease: What Is the Current Evidence?Nutrients · 2019Review
- Iron-mediated aggregation and toxicity in a novel neuronal cell culture model with inducible alpha-synuclein expression.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Parkinson's Disease and the Environment.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although some studies have reported the associations between specific metal element intake and risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), the associations between specific metal element intake such as iron intake and PD are still conflicted. We aimed to determine whether intake of iron, zinc, and copper increases/decreases the risk of PD. PubMed, Embase, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar were searched. We pooled the multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) or odds ratios using random effects. Study quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Five studies including 126,507 individuals remained for inclusion, pooled RRs of Parkinson's disease for moderate dietary iron intake was 1.08 (95 % CI 0.61-1.93, P = 0.787), and for high dietary iron intake was (1.03, 95 % CI 0.83-1.30, P = 0.766), respectively. The pooled RRs of Parkinson's disease for the highest compared with the lowest dietary iron intake were 1.47 (95 % CI 1.17-1.85, P = 0.001) in western population and in males (RR = 1.43, 95 % CI 1.01-2.01, P = 0.041). The pooled RRs of Parkinson's disease for moderate or high intake of zinc, and copper were not statistically different (P > 0.05). PD increased by 18 % (RR 1.18, 95 % CI 1.02-1.37) for western population by every 10-mg/day increment in iron intake. Higher iron intake appears to be not associated with overall PD risk, but may be associated with risk of PD in western population. Sex may be a factor influencing PD risk for higher iron intake. However, further studies are still needed to confirm the sex-selective effects.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.