ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2015
Changes in the biochemical and immunological components of serum and colostrum of overweight and obese mothers.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of maternal obesity on human milk macronutrient composition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Inflammatory Markers in Mother's Own Milk and Infant Stool of Very Low Birthweight Infants.Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association · 2023Trial
- Maternal obesity during lactation as a hypertensive cardiovascular risk factor in the offspring.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Linking maternal BMI trajectories from prepregnancy to postpartum with breast milk fat composition: a retrospective longitudinal study.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
- Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Alters Cytokine Profiles and Macrophage Polarization in Human Placenta.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Contents Are Associated with Maternal and Infant Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- Maternal Diet Quality and BMI as Predictors of Human Milk C-Reactive Protein Concentrations.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- Determination of macronutrient profile and energy composition in human milk via Mid-Infrared Spectrometer Analysis: An experimental study.JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition · 2025Article
- The primiparous IgA and IL-5 colostrum concentration based on maternal factor: corroborate the inflammation pathways to IgA colostrum synthesis.AJOG global reports · 2025Article
- The Impact of Maternal Chronic Inflammatory Conditions on Breast Milk Composition: Possible Influence on Offspring Metabolic Programming.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Interactions between Hypertension and Breastfeeding: What Do We Know?Current hypertension reviews · 2025Article
- Melatonin in Human Breast Milk and Its Potential Role in Circadian Entrainment: A Nod towards Chrononutrition?Nutrients · 2024Review
- Changes in the Immunology of Breast Milk From Obese or Overweight Women: a Brief Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Understanding the Immunological Quality of Breast Milk in Maternal Overweight and Obesity.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Leptin, Adiponectin, and Melatonin Modulate Colostrum Lymphocytes in Mothers with Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- A nutritional supplement taken during preconception and pregnancy influences human milk macronutrients in women with overweight/obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- A cross-sectional study evidences regulations of leukocytes in the colostrum of mothers with obesity.BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Resistin Modulates the Functional Activity of Colostral Macrophages from Mothers with Obesity and Diabetes.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Editorial: Breast milk: From nutrition to immunological action.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Infant sex differences in human milk intake and composition from 1- to 3-month post-delivery in a healthy United States cohort.Annals of human biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObesity in pregnancy is associated with systemic inflammation, immunological changes and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes. Information on the association between maternal obesity and breast milk composition is scarce. This study describes changes and relationships between biochemical and immunological parameters of colostrum and serum of overweight and obese women.
methodsColostrum and blood samples were collected from 25 normal weight, 24 overweight and 19 obese women for determination of glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, immunoglobulins, complement proteins (C3 and C4), fat and calorie content and C-reactive protein (CRP).
resultsGlucose was higher in colostrum of obese women (p = .002). In normal weight and obese women, total protein content was higher in colostrum than in serum (p = .001). Serum triglycerides (p = .008) and cholesterol (p = .010) concentrations were significantly higher in overweight and obese women than in their normal weight counterparts, but in colostrum their concentrations were similar across the three groups. Secretory IgA (sIgA) in colostrum and IgA in serum concentrations were significantly higher (p = .001) in overweight and obese mothers, whereas IgG and IgM concentrations did not vary among the groups (p = .825). Serum C3 (p = .001) and C4 (p = .040) concentrations were higher in obese women. No differences in colostrum complement proteins were detected among the groups. Calorie content (p = .003) and fat (p = .005) concentrations in colostrum and serum CRP (p = .002) were higher in obese women.
conclusionsThe results corroborate the hypothesis that colostrum of overweight and obese women undergoes biochemical and immunological changes that affect its composition, namely increasing glucose concentrations, calorie content, fat and sIgA concentrations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.