ArticleHepatology (Baltimore, Md.)2015
Natural killer cells regulate T cell immune responses in primary biliary cirrhosis.
Article in Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dual roles of natural killer cells in liver immunity and tolerance: Implications for health and disease.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis Pathogenesis: A Pathophysiology-Based Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microbiota in cholestatic diseases: crosstalk among bile composition, the biliary microbiome, and host immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Investigating shared genetic architecture between inflammatory bowel diseases and primary biliary cholangitis.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2024Article
- Increased CD8+ tissue resident memory T cells, regulatory T cells and activated natural killer cells in systemic sclerosis lungs.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Sequence of events leading to primary biliary cholangitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- A novel pathologic marker, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, for the cholangiopathy of immune checkpoint inhibitors-induced immune mediated hepatotoxicity as adverse events and the prediction of additional ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.Medical molecular morphology · 2023Article
- Review
- Inflammasome and pyroptosis in autoimmune liver diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- The gut-liver axis in cholangiopathies: focus on bile acid based pharmacological treatment.Current opinion in gastroenterology · 2022Review
- Effect of LncRNA XIST on Immune Cells of Primary Biliary Cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The role of natural killer cells in liver inflammation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2021Review
- Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 3 may be a key factor in primary biliary cholangitis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- rs1944919 on chromosome 11q23.1 and its effector genes COLCA1/COLCA2 confer susceptibility to primary biliary cholangitis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Natural Killer Cells in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis - A Review of the Literature.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Natural Killer Cells: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Target in Autoimmune Diseases?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- An Immune Signature Robustly Predicts Clinical Deterioration for Hepatitis C Virus-Related Early-Stage Cirrhosis Patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Galectin-3 in Inflammasome Activation and Primary Biliary Cholangitis Development.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Kupffer Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cells Via the NK group 2, Member D (NKG2D)/Retinoic Acid Early Inducible-1 (RAE-1) Interaction and Cytokines in a Primary Biliary Cholangitis Mouse Model.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
- Primary biliary cholangitis: pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledThe hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is the presence of autoreactive T- and B-cell responses that target biliary epithelial cells (BECs). Biliary cell cytotoxicity is dependent upon initiation of innate immune responses followed by chronic adaptive, as well as bystander, mechanisms. Critical to these mechanisms are interactions between natural killer (NK) cells and BECs. We have taken advantage of the ability to isolate relatively pure viable preparations of liver-derived NK cells, BECs, and endothelial cells, and studied interactions between NK cells and BECs and focused on the mechanisms that activate autoreactive T cells, their dependence on interferon (IFN)-γ, and expression of BEC major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Here we show that at a high NK/BEC ratio, NK cells are cytotoxic for autologous BECs, but are not dependent on autoantigen, yet still activate autoreactive CD4(+) T cells in the presence of antigen presenting cells. In contrast, at a low NK/BEC ratio, BECs are not lysed, but IFN-γ production is induced, which facilitates expression of MHC class I and II molecules on BEC and protects them from lysis upon subsequent exposure to autoreactive NK cells. Furthermore, IFN-γ secreted from NK cells after exposure to autologous BECs is essential for this protective function and enables autoreactive CD4(+) T cells to become cytopathic.
conclusionsNK cell-mediated innate immune responses are likely critical at the initial stage of PBC, but also facilitate and maintain the chronic cytopathic effect of autoantigen-specific T cells, essential for progression of disease.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.