Evidence map›Paper›PMID 26264858›Full record

ArticleBMC neurology2015

Reserve-building activities in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: a descriptive study.

Carolyn E Schwartz, Armon Ayandeh, Murali Ramanathan, Ralph Benedict, Michael G Dwyer, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Zivadinov

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05546424 (EMRESERVA A Program to Enhace Cognitive Reserve in Patients With Multiple Scleorisis), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05546424 completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

EMRESERVA A Program to Enhace Cognitive Reserve in Patients With Multiple Scleorisis

TypeobservationalSponsorFundación Pública Andaluza para la gestión de la Investigación en SevillaRan2022 to 2023Enrolled58ConditionsCognitive ChangeArmsEMRESERVA
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Observational
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Carolyn E SchwartzDeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. carolyn.schwartz@deltaquest.org.
Armon AyandehDeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., 31 Mitchell Road, Concord, MA, 01742, USA. aayandeh@gmail.com.
Murali RamanathanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. Murali@Buffalo.edu.
Ralph BenedictDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. benedict@buffalo.edu.
Michael G DwyerBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. mgdwyer@bnac.net.
Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanDepartment of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. BWeinstock-Guttman@kaleidahealth.org.
Robert ZivadinovBuffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA. rzivadinov@bnac.net.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCognitive reserve has been implicated as a possible protective factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) but to date no study has compared reserve-building activities across disease course or to healthy controls. This study aims to describe differences in reserve-building activities across the MS disease course and healthy controls.

methodsSecondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study that included 276 healthy controls, and subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 67), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 358) and secondary progressive MS (PMS; n = 109). Past reserve-building activities were operationalized as occupational attainment and education. Current activities comprised 6 strenuous and 6 non-strenuous activities, including 5 reserve-building activities and television-watching. Multivariate Analysis of Variance models examined group differences in past and current activities, after adjusting for covariates.

resultsThere were group differences in past and current reserve-building activities. SPMS patients had lower past reserve-building activities than healthy controls. All forms of MS engaged in fewer strenuous current reserve-building pursuits than healthy controls. RRMS read less than healthy controls. SPMS engaged in fewer job-related non-strenuous activities. All MS groups watched more television than healthy controls.

conclusionsMS patients show significantly fewer past and present reserve-building activities. Although it is difficult to establish causality without future prospective studies, lifestyle-modifying interventions should prioritize expanding MS patients' repertoire of strenuous and non-strenuous activities.

Indexed as

AdultCross-Sectional StudiesData Interpretation, StatisticalDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedMultiple SclerosisMultiple Sclerosis, Chronic ProgressiveMultiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-RemittingMultivariate AnalysisOccupational TherapyProspective StudiesRisk FactorsSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID26264858
PMCPMC4532255

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.