SynthesisBMJ open2015
Heavier smoking may lead to a relative increase in waist circumference: evidence for a causal relationship from a Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis. The CARTA consortium.
Erratum issuedAbstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Association of serum leptin and ghrelin levels with smoking status on body weight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Investigating the causal effect of smoking on hay fever and asthma: a Mendelian randomization meta-analysis in the CARTA consortium.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Genome-wide meta-analysis of 241,258 adults accounting for smoking behaviour identifies novel loci for obesity traits.Nature communications · 2017Pooled it
- Article
- Reassessing the link between adiposity and head and neck cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.eLife · 2025Article
- Article
- Association of cigarette smoking with cardiometabolic risk factors: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Relationship between body fat ratio and inflammatory markers in a Chinese population of adult male smokers.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Review
- Central and peripheral actions of nicotine that influence blood glucose homeostasis and the development of diabetes.Pharmacological research · 2023Review
- Relationship Between Heart Disease and Obesity Indicators Among Adults: A Secondary Data Analysis.Cureus · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Lithuanian Men Based on Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Group Results from the 2006-2016 Lithuanian High Cardiovascular Risk Prevention Program.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
- Association of Smoking with the Severity ofArchives of Razi Institute · 2022Article
- Association of Physical Activity with Anthropometrics Variables and Health-Related Risks in Healthy Male Smokers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of smoking (cigarette and waterpipe) and its association with obesity/overweight in UAE and Palestine.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Cigarette Smoking and Estrogen-Related Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Review
- Effect of Maternal Prepregnancy/Early-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Pregnancy Smoking and Alcohol on Congenital Heart Diseases: A Parental Negative Control Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Associations of tobacco smoking with body mass distribution; a population-based study of 65,875 men and women in midlife.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Causal relationships between obesity and the leading causes of death in women and men.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
62 authors.
Richard W MorrisSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
Amy E TaylorMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Meg E FluhartyMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Johan H BjørngaardDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Forensic Department, Research Centre Bröset, St Olav's University Hospital Trondheim, Trondheim, Norway.
Bjørn Olav ÅsvoldDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
Maiken Elvestad GabrielsenDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Archie CampbellMedical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Riccardo MarioniMedical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Meena KumariInstitute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Tellervo KorhonenDepartment of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Satu MännistöDepartment of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Pedro Marques-VidalDepartment of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Marika KaakinenInstitute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
Alana CavadinoCentre for Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Population, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Iris PostmusDepartment of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Netherlands Consortium of Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands.
Lise Lotte N HusemoenResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.
Tea SkaabyResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark.
Tarun Veer Singh AhluwaliaNovo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Jorien L TreurDepartment of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Gonneke WillemsenDepartment of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Caroline DaleFaculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
S Goya WannametheeDepartment of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK.
Jari LahtiInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.
Aarno PalotieWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland The Medical and Population Genomics Program, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
Katri RäikkönenInstitute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Alex McConnachieRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Sandosh PadmanabhanInstitute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Andrew WongMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.
Christine DalgårdDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Lavinia PaternosterSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Yoav Ben-ShlomoSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Jessica TyrrellEuropean Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Truro, UK Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
John HorwoodDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
David M FergussonDepartment of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Martin A KennedyDepartment of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Ellen A NohrInstitute for Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Lene ChristiansenDepartment of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
Kirsten Ohm KyvikDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Diana KuhMRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK.
Graham WattUniversity of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Johan G ErikssonNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland.
Peter H WhincupPopulation Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK.
Jacqueline M VinkDepartment of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Dorret I BoomsmaDepartment of Biological Psychology, Netherlands Twin Register, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
George Davey SmithSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Debbie LawlorSchool of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Allan LinnebergResearch Centre for Prevention and Health, the Capital Region of Denmark, Denmark Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ian FordRobertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J Wouter JukemaDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Chris PowerPopulation, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK.
Elina HyppönenPopulation, Policy and Practice, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health Sciences and Sansom Institute of Health Research, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Marjo-Riitta JarvelinInstitute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland Department of Children and Young People and Families, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Oulu, Finland Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Health Protection Agency (HPA) Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Martin PreisigDepartment of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Katja BorodulinNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Jaakko KaprioDepartment of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Mika KivimakiDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
Blair H SmithDivision of Population Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
Caroline HaywardMedical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Pål R RomundstadDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Thorkild I A SørensenMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederikberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Marcus R MunafòMRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
Naveed SattarFaculty of Medicine, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Glasgow, UK.
Funding
Type 1 Diabetes Genetics ConsortiumU01DK062418 · NIDDK · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI RICH, STEPHEN S. · 2002 to 2007
$59.8MProject-001R01AG017644 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI Andrew Steptoe · 2000 to 2026
$56.2MLCenter for Clinical and Translational Science and TrainingUL1TR001425 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI MEINZEN-DERR, JAREEN, STRAWN, JEFFREY ROBERT · 2015 to 2024
$37.5MCHANGES IN HEALTH: SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND PATHWAYSR37AG013196 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI MARMOT, MICHAEL G · 1999 to 2008
$4.3MGenetics of cardiovascular risk factors in large founder population birth controlR01HL087679 · NHLBI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI HIRSCHHORN, JOEL N · 2007 to 2009
$4.0MSocio-economic status and heterogeneity in agingR01AG013196 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON INST OF NEUROLOGY · PI MARMOT, MICHAEL G, SINGH-MANOUX, ARCHANA · 1996 to 2013
$3.5MGenetic Influences on ADHD in a Finnish Birth CohortR01MH063706 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI SMALLEY, SUSAN L · 2001 to 2005
$3.3MSocioeconomic gradient in CHD in early old ageR01HL036310 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON · PI KIVIMAKI, MIKA J, MARMOT, MICHAEL G · 1986 to 2012
$3.1MWhole Genome Assoc. Analysis Strategies for Multi. PhenotypesRL1MH083268 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI FREIMER, NELSON B. · 2007 to 2011
$2.1MUncovering and confirming gene-environment interactions in psychopathologyR01MH077874 · NIMH · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI CASPI, AVSHALOM · 2007 to 2010
$1.6MA Developmental Model of Gene-Environment Interplay in SUDsR01DA024413 · NIDA · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI COSTELLO, ELIZABETH JANE · 2011 to 2011
$1.2MSOCIAL FACTORS INFLUENCING MEDICAL OUTCOME MEASURESR01HS006516 · AHRQ · UNIVERSITY OF LONDON · PI MARMOT, MICHAEL G · 1990 to 1995
–AHRQ HHS HS06516British Heart Foundation PG/07/131/24254British Heart Foundation PG/09/022British Heart Foundation PG/13/66/30442British Heart Foundation RG/08/013/25942British Heart Foundation RG/13/16/30528Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6Chief Scientist Office CZD/16/6/4Department of Health 0090049Medical Research Council G0000934Medical Research Council G0500539Medical Research Council G0600705Medical Research Council G0800612Medical Research Council G0802736Medical Research Council G1001799Medical Research Council G1002319Medical Research Council K013351Medical Research Council MC_PC_15018Medical Research Council MC_PC_U127561128Medical Research Council MC_UP_0801/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/1Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/3Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/5Medical Research Council MC_UU_12013/6Medical Research Council MC_UU_12019/1Medical Research Council MR/J012165/1Medical Research Council MR/J01351X/1Medical Research Council MR/K013351/1Medical Research Council MR/K023195/1Medical Research Council MR/K023233/1Medical Research Council MR/N01104X/1NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001425NHLBI NIH HHS 5R01HL087679-02NHLBI NIH HHS HL36310NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL036310NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL087679NIA NIH HHS AG13196NIA NIH HHS R01 AG013196NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017644NIA NIH HHS R01AG1764406S1NIA NIH HHS R37 AG013196NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA024413NIDA NIH HHS R01DA024413NIDDK NIH HHS U01 DK062418NIMH NIH HHS 1RL1MH083268-01NIMH NIH HHS 5R01MH63706:02NIMH NIH HHS MH077874NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH063706NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH077874NIMH NIH HHS RL1 MH083268Wellcome Trust 068545/Z/02Wellcome Trust 076113Wellcome Trust 086684Wellcome Trust 092731Wellcome Trust 102215Wellcome Trust WT 084762
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate, using a Mendelian randomisation approach, whether heavier smoking is associated with a range of regional adiposity phenotypes, in particular those related to abdominal adiposity.
designMendelian randomisation meta-analyses using a genetic variant (rs16969968/rs1051730 in the CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4 gene region) as a proxy for smoking heaviness, of the associations of smoking heaviness with a range of adiposity phenotypes.
participants148,731 current, former and never-smokers of European ancestry aged ≥ 16 years from 29 studies in the consortium for Causal Analysis Research in Tobacco and Alcohol (CARTA). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Waist and hip circumferences, and waist-hip ratio.
resultsThe data included up to 66,809 never-smokers, 43,009 former smokers and 38,913 current daily cigarette smokers. Among current smokers, for each extra minor allele, the geometric mean was lower for waist circumference by -0.40% (95% CI -0.57% to -0.22%), with effects on hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and body mass index (BMI) being -0.31% (95% CI -0.42% to -0.19), -0.08% (-0.19% to 0.03%) and -0.74% (-0.96% to -0.51%), respectively. In contrast, among never-smokers, these effects were higher by 0.23% (0.09% to 0.36%), 0.17% (0.08% to 0.26%), 0.07% (-0.01% to 0.15%) and 0.35% (0.18% to 0.52%), respectively. When adjusting the three central adiposity measures for BMI, the effects among current smokers changed direction and were higher by 0.14% (0.05% to 0.22%) for waist circumference, 0.02% (-0.05% to 0.08%) for hip circumference and 0.10% (0.02% to 0.19%) for waist-hip ratio, for each extra minor allele.
conclusionsFor a given BMI, a gene variant associated with increased cigarette consumption was associated with increased waist circumference. Smoking in an effort to control weight may lead to accumulation of central adiposity.
Indexed as
Waist CircumferenceAdolescentAdultAgedBody Mass IndexFemaleHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedObesity, AbdominalSex FactorsSmokingWaist-Hip RatioYoung AdultEPIDEMIOLOGYGENETICS
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