ReviewBiology2015
Antibody Affinity Maturation in Fishes-Our Current Understanding.
Review in Biology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Evolutionary Comparative Analyses of DNA-Editing Enzymes of the Immune System: From 5-Dimensional Description of Protein Structures to Immunological Insights and Applications to Protein Engineering.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Pooled it
- Development and application of a VNAR-based detection nanobody for avian influenza virus H9N2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- INHAND: Non-proliferative and proliferative lesions of fish - Chapter 5. Fish hematolymphoid system.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2026Article
- Resolving the cellular profile of germinal center-analogous microstructures in zebrafish.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Extensive age-dependent loss of antibody diversity in naturally short-lived turquoise killifish.eLife · 2022Article
- Mucosal immunoglobulins of teleost fish: A decade of advances.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021Review
- Cutting Edge: Neutralizing Public Antibody Responses Are an Ancient Form of Defense Conserved in Fish and Mammals.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2021Article
- Lost structural and functional inter-relationships between Ig and TCR loci in mammals revealed in sharks.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- Extreme genomic volatility characterizes the evolution of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus in cyprinodontiform fishes.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish.Molecular biotechnology · 2018Review
- T Cell Receptor Alpha Chain Genes in the Teleost Ballan WrasseFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Diversity in the Cow Ultralong CDR H3 Antibody Repertoire.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Biochemical Regulatory Features of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase Remain Conserved from Lampreys to Humans.Molecular and cellular biology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has long been believed that fish lack antibody affinity maturation, in part because they were thought to lack germinal centers. Recent research done on sharks and bony fishes indicates that these early vertebrates are able to affinity mature their antibodies. This article reviews the functionality of the fish homologue of the immunoglobulin (Ig) mutator enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). We also consider the protein and molecular evidence for Ig somatic hypermutation and antibody affinity maturation. In the context of recent evidence for a putative proto-germinal center in fishes we propose some possible reasons that observed affinity maturation in fishes often seems lacking and propose future work that might shed further light on this process in fishes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.