ArticlePloS one2015
Parasporin-2 from a New Bacillus thuringiensis 4R2 Strain Induces Caspases Activation and Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Structure-Function Analysis of Individual Reversion Variants of the Engineered Mpp46Aa1 (PS2Aa1) N65 Protein.Cancers · 2026Article
- Bacillus thuringiensis as a factory producing parasporin toxins with promising anticancer properties: a review.Microbial cell factories · 2026Review
- Parasporin-2-Derived Peptide Fragments: Characterization and Synergistic Anticancer Activity with Sacha Inchi and Curcumin.Cancers · 2026Article
- AX-2: A Promising Non-Hemolytic Protein ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Enhancing the Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Efficacy of Parasporin-2-Derived Variants (Mpp46Aa1) on Cancer Cell Lines.Toxins · 2024Article
- A fusion protein designed for soluble expression, rapid purification, and enhanced stability of parasporin-2 with potential therapeutic applications.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Anticancer efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles loaded with recombinant truncated parasporin-2 protein.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- New Approach Methods to Assess the Enteropathogenic Potential of Strains of theFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Parasporin-4, a novel apoptosis inducer of breast cancer cells produced by Bacillus thuringiensis.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- Site-Directed Mutants of Parasporin PS2Aa1 with Enhanced Cytotoxic Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Gut Microbes in Gynecologic Cancers: Causes or Biomarkers and Therapeutic Potential.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Computational study, synthesis and evaluation of active peptides derived from Parasporin-2 and spike protein from Alphacoronavirus against colorectal cancer cells.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Genetic Modification Approaches for ParasporinsMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Therapeutic applications and biological activities of bacterial bioactive extracts.Archives of microbiology · 2021Review
- Parasporin A13-2 ofToxins · 2021Article
- Article
- Prostate apoptosis response-4 and tumor suppression: it's not just about apoptosis anymore.Cell death & disease · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In previous studies, parasporin-2Aa1, originally isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis strain A1547, was shown to be cytotoxic against specific human cancer cells but the mechanisms of action were not studied. In the present study, we found that proteinase K activated parasporin-2Aa1 protein isolated from a novel B. thuringiensis strain, 4R2, was specifically cytotoxic to endometrial, colon, liver, cervix, breast and prostate cancer. It showed no toxicity against normal cells. Upon treatment with proteinase K-activated parasporin-2Aa1, morphological changes were observed and western blot analysis revealed the cleavage of poly (ADP-Ribose) polymerase, caspase-3 and caspase-9 in cancer cell lines exclusively, indicative of programmed cell death, apoptosis. Flow cytometry analyses,using propidium iodide and annexin V, as well as a caspases 3/7 assay confirmed apoptosis induction. Further analyses were performed to study survival pathways, including AKT, XIAP, ERK1/2 and PAR-4, a known inducer of apoptosis. These results indicate that parasporin-2Aa1 is a selective cytotoxic protein that induces apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines from diverse tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.