ReviewJournal of epidemiology and community health2016
Inequity of access to ACE inhibitors in Swedish heart failure patients: a register-based study.
Review in Journal of epidemiology and community health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socio-economic inequalities and heart failure morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and data synthesis.ESC heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of patient sex on intensive care unit admission: a blinded randomized survey.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- A STRONG call for intensive oral heart failure therapy in acute heart failure patients.Heart failure reviews · 2025Review
- Trends in prognosis and use of SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA in patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Observational
- Challenges and opportunities for increasing patient involvement in heart failure self-care programs and self-care in the post-hospital discharge period.Research involvement and engagement · 2023Review
- Increasing demand for ophthalmic pathology: time trends in a laboratory with nationwide coverage.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Social Inequalities in Non-ischemic Cardiomyopathies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
- Temporal trends in outcome and patient characteristics in dilated cardiomyopathy, data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry 2003-2015.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2021Observational
- Non-employment and low educational level as risk factors for inequitable treatment and mortality in heart failure: a population-based cohort study of register data.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Sex/gender and additional equity characteristics of providers and patients in perioperative anesthesia trials: a cross-sectional analysis of the literature.Korean journal of anesthesiology · 2021Review
- Inequalities in heart failure care in a tax-financed universal healthcare system: a nationwide population-based cohort study.ESC heart failure · 2020Article
- Effectiveness by gender and age of renin-angiotensin system blockade in heart failure-A national register-based cohort study.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2020Article
- Decrease in loop diuretic treatment from 2005 to 2014 in Swedish real-life patients with chronic heart failure.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2019Article
- Opposite trends in hospitalization and mortality after implementation of a chronic care model-based regional program for the management of patients with heart failure in primary care.BMC health services research · 2018Article
- Social Inequalities and Health among Older Immigrant Women in the Nordic Countries: An Integrative Review.SAGE open nursingReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSeveral international studies suggest inequity in access to evidence-based heart failure (HF) care. Specifically, studies of ACE inhibitors (ACEIs) point to reduced ACEI access related to female sex, old age and socioeconomic position. Thus far, most studies have either been rather small, lacking diagnostic data, or lacking the possibility to account for several individual-based sociodemographic factors. Our aim was to investigate differences, which could reflect inequity in access to ACEIs based on sex, age, socioeconomic status or immigration status in Swedish patients with HF.
methodsIndividually linked register data for all Swedish adults hospitalised for HF in 2005-2010 (n=93,258) were analysed by multivariate regression models to assess the independent risk of female sex, high age, low employment status, low income level, low educational level or foreign country of birth, associated with lack of an ACEI dispensation within 1 year of hospitalisation. Adjustment for possible confounding was made for age, comorbidity, Angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, period and follow-up time.
resultsAnalysis revealed an adjusted OR for no ACEI dispensation for women of 1.31 (95% CI 1.27 to 1.35); for the oldest patients of 2.71 (95% CI 2.53 to 2.91); and for unemployed patients of 1.59 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.73).
conclusionsAccess to ACEI treatment was reduced in women, older patients and unemployed patients. We conclude that access to ACEIs is inequitable among Swedish patients with HF. Future studies should include clinical data, as well as mortality outcomes in different groups.
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