ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2015
Prospects of immune checkpoint modulators in the treatment of glioblastoma.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 229 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Clinical Trial on the Per-operative Intratumoral Administration of Myeloid Dendritic Cells Plus Ipilimumab and Nivolumab, Followed by Repeated Intracavitary Plus Intravenous Administration of Nivolumab in Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma
Expanded Access for Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) to Patients With Melanoma or Glioblastoma / Glioma After Failed Standart Therapy, at High Mutational Load Which is Confirmed by the Results of Molecular-genetic Analysis of Tumor Tissue.
Who cites it
229 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Congress of neurological surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines update on the role of emerging developments in the management of newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2020Pooled it
- The prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in patients with glioma: A meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- A phase 2, open label, clinical trial of pre-surgical and adjuvant treatment of recurrent glioblastoma with tremelimumab and durvalumab alone and in combination.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2026Trial
- Radiotherapy combined with nivolumab or temozolomide for newly diagnosed glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT promoter: An international randomized phase III trial.Neuro-oncology · 2023Trial
- Nivolumab with or without ipilimumab in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: results from exploratory phase I cohorts of CheckMate 143.Neuro-oncology · 2018Trial
- IL6 Supports Development of an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Resistance to Therapy in Glioblastoma.Cancer research · 2026Article
- Enable CAR T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma by modifying its microenvironment via oncolytic adenovirus encoding bispecific T cell engager.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting immunosuppressive network in glioblastoma: Emerging strategies to overcome immunodeficiency and enhance therapeutic efficacy.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Identification of an age-related monocyte-derived macrophages characteristic genes-based signature for high-grade diffuse glioma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- RIG-I RNA agonist activates immunostimulatory macrophages to enhance checkpoint immunotherapy for glioblastoma.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma Immunotherapy Adjuvants for Glial Cell Polarization Regulation.Experimental neurobiology · 2025Review
- Intracranial injection of genetically modified, mosquito non-transmissible Zika virus: Safety in primates and ramifications for brain tumor therapy.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Article
- Unveiling the prognostic and immunological role of IFI44 in glioma.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- A Novel Class of Multi-substituted Diaryl Scaffold Derivatives Inhibit Glioblastoma Progression by Targeting CD155.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Prediction of MGMT methylation status in glioblastoma patients based on radiomics feature extracted from intratumoral and peritumoral MRI imaging.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- APOBEC3C-Mediated NF-κB Activation Promotes Malignant Progression of Gliomas.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Tumor-infiltrating and circulating B cells mediate local and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Activating antiviral immune responses potentiates immune checkpoint inhibition in glioblastoma models.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Engendered nanoparticles for treatment of brain tumors.Oncology research · 2025Review
169 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumour in adults. Prognosis is poor: even with the current gold-standard first-line treatment—maximal safe resection and combination of radiotherapy with temozolomide chemotherapy—the median overall survival time is only approximately 15-17 months, because the tumour recurs in virtually all patients, and no commonly accepted standard treatment for recurrent disease exists. Several targeted agents have failed to improve patient outcomes in glioblastoma. Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab has provided relevant clinical improvements in other advanced tumours for which conventional therapies have had limited success, making immunotherapy an appealing strategy in glioblastoma. This Review summarizes current knowledge on immune checkpoint modulators and evaluates their potential role in glioblastoma on the basis of preclinical studies and emerging clinical data. Furthermore, we discuss challenges that need to be considered in the clinical development of drugs that target immune checkpoint pathways in glioblastoma, such as specific properties of the immune system in the CNS, issues with radiological response assessment, and potential interactions with established and emerging treatment strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.