ArticleNature genetics2015
Widespread non-additive and interaction effects within HLA loci modulate the risk of autoimmune diseases.
Article in Nature genetics, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 203 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transethnic, Genome-Wide Analysis Reveals Immune-Related Risk Alleles and Phenotypic Correlates in Pediatric Steroid-Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2018Pooled it
- Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma identifies key regulators of disease susceptibility.Nature communications · 2017Pooled it
- Transethnic meta-analysis identifiesAnnals of the rheumatic diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Evaluating the risk of elevated IL-6 levels in pediatric patients: a stratified approach and evidence of interaction effects.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Murine and Humanized Mouse Models in Autoimmune Disease Research and Therapeutics Development.Biology · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive HLA-DR4 MHC Class II Tetramer Platform for the Detection and Functional Validation of Post-Translational Modification Neoantigens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Causal Transformer for Learning Embeddings from Structured Medical History Records and Multi-Source Data Integration for Complex Disease Risk Prediction.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2026Article
- [Role of HLA genetic variants in autoimmune diseases].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Clonally expanded HSP-specific T cells contribute to glaucomatous neurodegeneration via the mTORC1 pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: From Pathological Mechanisms to Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of general medicine · 2026Review
- Copy number variation and evolution of MHC class I and II genes in lovebirds (Agapornis, Psittaculidae, Psittaciformes).Heredity · 2026Article
- Distribution of HLA-ABC allele groups in a cohort of Chilean rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy individuals.Biological research · 2025Article
- Towards improved fine-mapping of candidate causal variants.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- CD209 gene polymorphism and its clinical correlation with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis among Egyptian patients: A case-control study.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2025Article
- Whole-genome sequencing reveals rare and structural variants contributing to psoriasis and identifies CERCAM as a risk gene.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- HLA loci heterozygosity modulates genetic risk in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2025Article
- Cross-Population Analysis of Sjögren's Syndrome Polygenic Risk Scores and Disease Prevalence: A Pilot Study.Genes · 2025Article
- Multi-environment GWAS uncovers markers associated to biotic stress response and genotype-by-environment interactions in stone fruit trees.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- Big Data Science on T Cell Receptor-mediated Immune Regulation.JMA journal · 2025Review
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
37 authors at 19 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes confer substantial risk for autoimmune diseases on a log-additive scale. Here we speculated that differences in autoantigen-binding repertoires between a heterozygote's two expressed HLA variants might result in additional non-additive risk effects. We tested the non-additive disease contributions of classical HLA alleles in patients and matched controls for five common autoimmune diseases: rheumatoid arthritis (ncases = 5,337), type 1 diabetes (T1D; ncases = 5,567), psoriasis vulgaris (ncases = 3,089), idiopathic achalasia (ncases = 727) and celiac disease (ncases = 11,115). In four of the five diseases, we observed highly significant, non-additive dominance effects (rheumatoid arthritis, P = 2.5 × 10(-12); T1D, P = 2.4 × 10(-10); psoriasis, P = 5.9 × 10(-6); celiac disease, P = 1.2 × 10(-87)). In three of these diseases, the non-additive dominance effects were explained by interactions between specific classical HLA alleles (rheumatoid arthritis, P = 1.8 × 10(-3); T1D, P = 8.6 × 10(-27); celiac disease, P = 6.0 × 10(-100)). These interactions generally increased disease risk and explained moderate but significant fractions of phenotypic variance (rheumatoid arthritis, 1.4%; T1D, 4.0%; celiac disease, 4.1%) beyond a simple additive model.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.