ArticleJournal of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders2015
Therapeutic Process During Exposure: Habituation Model.
Article in Journal of obsessive-compulsive and related disorders, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effectiveness and User Experience of Virtual Reality for Social Anxiety Disorder: Systematic Review.JMIR mental health · 2024Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy of Virtual Reality and In Vivo Exposure Therapy as Psychological Interventions for Public Speaking Anxiety.Behavior modification · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of the use of virtual reality or dental smartphone applications as interventions for management of paediatric dental anxiety.BMC oral health · 2021Pooled it
- Evaluation of a Novel Simulation Curriculum With the Segmented Model in Pediatric Cardiovascular Education.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Analysis of Trajectories of Anxiety Behaviors During Induction of Anesthesia in Children With Multiple Encounters: A Secondary Analysis of a Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Observational
- Death anxiety and death-related depression in opioid use disorder: relationships with suicidal ideation, impulsivity, and psychological resilience.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Therapist-guided virtual reality exposure therapy for fear of heights: evidence from a multiple-baseline single-case experimental design.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Post-Botulinum Headache in Cosmetic Practice: A Prospective Study.Journal of cosmetic dermatology · 2026Observational
- The dynamics of state math anxiety vary by paradigm and timing during arithmetic.NPJ science of learning · 2026Article
- Article
- Moderators of Symptom Self-Ratings in Pediatric Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During a Digital Sensor-Assisted Treatment.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Trajectory of severe COVID anxiety and predictors for recovery in an 18-month UK cohort.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- The efficacy of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral program assisted by a new mobile application for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2025Article
- Examining Community Clinicians Use of Imaginal Exposure with Childhood Anxiety Disorders.Child psychiatry and human development · 2025Article
- Article
- Virtual reality delivered exposure for fear of needles: a small-scale pilot.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Eye-tracking analysis of attentional disengagement in phobic and non-phobic individuals.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2024Article
- Impact of Virtual Reality Intervention on Anxiety and Level of Cooperation in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the Dental Examination.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Are within- and between-session changes in distress associated with treatment outcomes? Findings from two clinical trials of exposure for eating disorders.Behaviour research and therapy · 2024Article
- Understanding Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Psychosis Through the Predictive Coding Framework.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The current paper outlines the habituation model of exposure process, which is a behavioral model emphasizing use of individually tailored functional analysis during exposures. This is a model of therapeutic process rather than one meant to explain the mechanism of change underlying exposure-based treatments. Habitation, or a natural decrease in anxiety level in the absence of anxiety-reducing behavior, might be best understood as an intermediate treatment outcome that informs therapeutic process, rather than as a mechanism of change. The habituation model purports that three conditions are necessary for optimal benefit from exposures: 1) fear activation, 2) minimization of anxiety-reducing behaviors, and 3) habituation. We describe prescribed therapist and client behaviors as those that increase or maintain anxiety level during an exposure (and therefore, facilitate habituation), and proscribed therapist and client behaviors as those that decrease anxiety during an exposure (and therefore, impede habituation). We illustrate model-consistent behaviors in the case of Monica, as well as outline the existing research support and call for additional research to further test the tenets of the habituation model as described in this paper.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.