ArticleRSC advances2015
Purification and Structural Characterization of "Simple Catechol", the NGAL-Siderocalin Siderophore in Human Urine.
Article in RSC advances, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of lipocalin-2 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Innate Bacteriostatic Mechanisms Defend the Urinary Tract.Annual review of physiology · 2022Review
- Heterogenous Renal Injury Biomarker Production Reveals Human Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Subtypes.Critical care explorations · 2019Article
- Association of neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study.Cardiovascular endocrinology & metabolism · 2019Article
- Iron in Lung Pathology.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- Correlation between the concentrations of lactoferrin and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in meconium.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2018Article
- Metal homeostasis in infectious disease: recent advances in bacterial metallophores and the human metal-withholding response.Current opinion in chemical biology · 2017Review
- Modulation of urinary siderophores by the diet, gut microbiota and inflammation in mice.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2017Article
- Human Metabolome-derived Cofactors Are Required for the Antibacterial Activity of Siderocalin in Urine.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2016Article
- Disposal of iron by a mutant form of lipocalin 2.Nature communications · 2016Article
- Klebsiella pneumoniae Asparagine tDNAs Are Integration Hotspots for Different Genomic Islands Encoding Microcin E492 Production Determinants and Other Putative Virulence Factors Present in Hypervirulent Strains.Frontiers in microbiology · 2016Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The identification of ligands that bind the protein Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL, Siderocalin, Lipocalin-2) have helped to elucidate its function. NGAL-Siderocalin binds and sequesters the iron loaded bacterial siderophore enterochelin (Ent), defining the protein as an innate immune effector. Simple metabolic catechols can also form tight complexes with NGAL-Siderocalin and ferric iron, suggesting that the protein may act as an iron scavenger even in the absence of Ent. While different catechols have been detected in human urine, they have not been directly purified from a biofluid and demonstrated to ligate iron with NGAL-Siderocalin. This paper describes a "natural products" approach to identify small molecules that mediate iron binding to NGAL-Siderocalin. A 10K filtrate of human urine was subjected to multiple steps of column chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC, guided by NGAL-Siderocalin-iron binding assays and LC-MS detection. The co-factor forming a ternary structure with iron and NGAL-Siderocalin was identified as authentic simple catechol (dihydroxybenze) by ESI-HR-Mass, UV, and NMR spectrometric analysis. Comparison of the binding strengths of different catechols demonstrated that the vicinal-dihydroxyl groups were the key functional groups and that steric compatibilities of the catechol ring have the strongest effect on binding. Although catechol was a known NGAL-Siderocalin co-factor, our purification directly confirmed its presence in urine as well as its capacity to serve as an iron trap with NGAL-Siderocalin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.