ReviewFrontiers in immunology2015
Polarizing T and B Cell Responses by APC-Targeted Subunit Vaccines.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Skeletal muscle as a dynamic immunological niche for vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- An HLAII-targeted DNA vaccine against influenza H7N9 protected mice and ferrets from a virus challenge.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Development of a single-dose Q fever vaccine with an injectable nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel: effect of sustained co-delivery of antigen and adjuvant.Drug delivery · 2025Article
- Broad-spectrum vaccines against various and evolving viruses: from antigen design to nanoparticle delivery.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- DNA and protein-generated chimeric molecules for delivery of influenza viral epitopes in mouse and humanized NSG transfer models.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Approaches to Enhance the Potency of Vaccines in Chickens.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Article
- Article
- Potent immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a multi-pathogen vaccination targeting Ebola, Sudan, Marburg and Lassa viruse.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Fluorine-Functionalized Polyphosphazene Immunoadjuvant: Synthesis, Solution Behavior and In Vivo Potency.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Trimeric, APC-Targeted Subunit Vaccines Protect Mice against Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Recent advances in antigen targeting to antigen-presenting cells in veterinary medicine.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Targeting neoantigens to APC-surface molecules improves the immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy of a DNA cancer vaccine.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Understanding Immune Responses to Viruses-Do Underlying Th1/Th2 Cell Biases Predict Outcome?Viruses · 2022Review
- Immunogenicity of MultiTEP-Platform-Based Recombinant Protein Vaccine, PV-1950R, Targeting Three B-Cell Antigenic Determinants of Pathological α-Synuclein.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The Highly ProductiveVaccines · 2022Article
- Article
- Activated B lymphocytes and tumor cell lysate as an effective cellular cancer vaccine.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2021Article
- TLR2 deficiency promotes IgE and inhibits IgG1 class-switching following ovalbumin sensitization.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Current influenza vaccines mostly aim at the induction of specific neutralizing antibodies. While antibodies are important for protection against a particular virus strain, T cells can recognize epitopes that will offer broader protection against influenza. We have previously developed a DNA vaccine format by which protein antigens can be targeted specifically to receptors on antigen presenting cells (APCs). The DNA-encoded vaccine proteins are homodimers, each chain consisting of a targeting unit, a dimerization unit, and an antigen. The strategy of targeting antigen to APCs greatly enhances immune responses as compared to non-targeted controls. Furthermore, targeting of antigen to different receptors on APCs can polarize the immune response to different arms of immunity. Here, we discuss how targeting of hemagglutinin to MHC class II molecules increases Th2 and IgG1 antibody responses, whereas targeting to chemokine receptors XCR1 or CCR1/3/5 increases Th1 and IgG2a responses, in addition to CD8(+) T cell responses. We also discuss these results in relation to work published by others on APC-targeting. Differential targeting of APC surface molecules may allow the induction of tailor-made phenotypes of adaptive immune responses that are optimal for protection against various infectious agents, including influenza virus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.