ArticleMediators of inflammation2015
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) Downregulates the Expression of Protumor Factors Cyclooxygenase-2 and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in a GM-CSF Receptor-Independent Manner in Cervical Cancer Cells.
Article in Mediators of inflammation, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Patterns of Different Cervical Cytokine Expression in High-Risk Human Papillomavirus-Infected Patients With Cervical Cancer and Its Precancerous Lesions.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of NF-kB and COX-2 by andrographolide regulates the progression of cervical cancer by promoting PTEN expression and suppressing PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Dense GM-CSFRPeerJ · 2023Article
- Gasotransmitters in the tumor microenvironment: Impacts on cancer chemotherapy (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- Inhibition of DDX3 and COX-2 by forskolin and evaluation of anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic effects on cervical cancer cells: molecular modelling and in vitro approaches.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Article
- Promising role of filgrastim and α-tocopherol succinate in amelioration of gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome (GI-ARS) in mice.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2019Article
- Novel role of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: antitumor effects through inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in esophageal cancer.OncoTargets and therapy · 2017Article
- Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) Has Antiproliferative Effects, Induces Apoptosis, and Inhibits Tumor Growth in a Triple-negative Breast Cancer Murine Tumor Model.In vivo (Athens, Greece)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enhanced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with the pathogenic processes of various tumor types. COX-2 and iNOS expression in the immunomodulatory dendritic cells is mediated by the granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which is also expressed by cervical cancer cells; however, whether and how GM-CSF regulates COX-2 and iNOS expression in clinical cervical cancer cells remain unknown. In this study, we found that the COX-2 and iNOS expression was upregulated in the cervical cancer tissues and positively correlated with cancer metastasis and stage. About one-half of the cervical cancer tissues showed strong/moderate GM-CSF expression, while the normal cervical tissues showed >80% positive rate; no GM-CSFR protein was detectable on the cervical cancer cells. The GM-CSF expression was negatively correlated with the COX-2 and iNOS expression in the cervical cancer tissues and the functional negative regulatory effect of GM-CSF on COX-2/iNOS expression was demonstrated in various cervical cancer cell lines. Therefore, in cervical cancer cells, GM-CSF might contribute an antitumor response by inhibiting iNOS and COX-2 expression in a GM-CSFR independent manner.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.