ReviewJournal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance2015
4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement.
Review in Journal of cardiovascular magnetic resonance : official journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 421 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF 4D IMAGE ACQUISITION AND POST-PROCESSING WITH VIOS WORKS: A Phase Design Prospective Clinical Trial to Assess 4D Software Produced by GE and Arterys for Evaluating Cardiac Disease.
Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Stroke in Veteran athLETES: a Pilot Cardiac and Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study - AFLETES-MRI
Who cites it
421 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 850 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitral valve regurgitation assessed by intraventricular CMR 4D-flow: a systematic review on the technological aspects and potential clinical applications.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2023Pooled it
- The emerging role of 4D flow MRI in abdominal interventional radiology.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Autonomous Velocity Encoding (VENC) Selection Improves Precision of Quantitative Flow Measurement.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Colour maps for representation of quantitative metrics in radiology: meaningful or misleading?Insights into imaging · 2026Review
- Postprandial Changes in Thoracic Aortic Flow Detected by 4D Flow MRI May Influence Study Results.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- 5D Flow MRI Reveals Respiration-Driven Changes in Blood Flow Energetics in Congenital Heart Disease.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of sigmoid sinus hemodynamics through four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in pulsatile tinnitus patients caused by sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence coexisting with idiopathic intracranial hypertension.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- From Case Studies to Cohort of Patients: Automating FSI Simulations to Uncover Downstream Effects of Ascending Aortic Grafts.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Development of a Novel Holistic Assessment Strategy of TAVI-Induced Flow Restoration via Dimensionality Reduction Techniques.Cardiovascular engineering and technology · 2026Article
- Clinical applications of 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging in hepatic vascular disorders: practical biomarkers, protocol design, and translational implementation.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for therapy monitoring in cardiomyopathies.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Review
- Hemodynamic Mechanisms in Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus: A 4D Flow MRI Analysis of Transverse-Sigmoid Sinus Abnormalities.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Next-Generation Cardiovascular Imaging in Precision Medicine: Integrating Functional Imaging, Artificial Intelligence, Biomarkers, and Personalized Risk Stratification.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Characteristic flow of different right ventricular outflow tract morphology in repaired tetralogy of fallot patients studied by 4D-flow cardiac magnetic resonance images.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- EMORe: Motion-Robust 5D MRI Reconstruction via Expectation-Maximization-Guided Binning Correction and Outlier Rejection.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2026Article
- FlowVN Trained on a Single Dataset Enables Rapid Reconstruction of Highly Accelerated 4D Flow MRI Across Multiple Sites.Magnetic resonance in medicine · 2026Article
- 4D flow MRI for the evaluation of venous anatomy and flow in renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus: a pictorial essay.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Review
- Impact of Contour Boundary Offsets on 4D Flow CMR-Derived Intracardiac Haemodynamic Parameters.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Article
- Comparison of compressed sensing and conventional 4D flow MRI for turbulent kinetic energy assessment in healthy participants and patients with aortic stenosis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Hemodynamic characteristics of sigmoid sinus wall dehiscence-pulsatile tinnitus patients with normal intracranial pressure.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
361 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 10 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Pulsatile blood flow through the cavities of the heart and great vessels is time-varying and multidirectional. Access to all regions, phases and directions of cardiovascular flows has formerly been limited. Four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has enabled more comprehensive access to such flows, with typical spatial resolution of 1.5×1.5×1.5 - 3×3×3 mm(3), typical temporal resolution of 30-40 ms, and acquisition times in the order of 5 to 25 min. This consensus paper is the work of physicists, physicians and biomedical engineers, active in the development and implementation of 4D Flow CMR, who have repeatedly met to share experience and ideas. The paper aims to assist understanding of acquisition and analysis methods, and their potential clinical applications with a focus on the heart and greater vessels. We describe that 4D Flow CMR can be clinically advantageous because placement of a single acquisition volume is straightforward and enables flow through any plane across it to be calculated retrospectively and with good accuracy. We also specify research and development goals that have yet to be satisfactorily achieved. Derived flow parameters, generally needing further development or validation for clinical use, include measurements of wall shear stress, pressure difference, turbulent kinetic energy, and intracardiac flow components. The dependence of measurement accuracy on acquisition parameters is considered, as are the uses of different visualization strategies for appropriate representation of time-varying multidirectional flow fields. Finally, we offer suggestions for more consistent, user-friendly implementation of 4D Flow CMR acquisition and data handling with a view to multicenter studies and more widespread adoption of the approach in routine clinical investigations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.