ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2015
Effects of MAO inhibition and a combination of minor alkaloids, β-carbolines, and acetaldehyde on nicotine self-administration in adult male rats.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes Disrupt the Feedback Loop of Affective States and Smoking Behavior.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Cigarette Nicotine Content as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Negative Affect and Smoking.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- Cigarette Smoke Extract and Nicotine Evoke Similar Interoceptive Effects in a Pavlovian Occasion Setting Task in Male and Female Sprague-Dawley Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2026Article
- Differential Gene Expression in Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells in Response to a Cocktail of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- 6-Methyl nicotine and nicotine have similar thermoregulatory and reinforcing effects in middle aged female rats with a history of nicotine vapor self-administration.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2026Article
- Oral administration of crocin significantly alleviated anxiety, and depressive-like behavior following ethanol and nicotine abstinence in adolescent male rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Phycocompounds from Cyanobacteria: Exploring Synergistic Effects with Conventional Anticancer and Antimicrobial Properties.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors Present in Tobacco Modulate Dopamine Balance Via the Dopamine Transporter.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Reinforcing and adverse observable effects of nicotine and minor tobacco alkaloids in squirrel monkeys.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Commentary: Harmane potentiates nicotine reinforcement through MAO-A inhibition at the dose related to cigarette smoking.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2023Article
- Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke extract increases nicotine withdrawal symptoms in adult and adolescent male rats.Advances in drug and alcohol research · 2023Article
- Addiction-Related Outcomes of Nicotine and Alcohol Co-use: New Insights Following the Rise in Vaping.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Review
- A review of the evidence on cigarettes with reduced addictiveness potential.The International journal on drug policy · 2022Review
- Non-nicotine constituents in cigarette smoke extract enhance nicotine addiction through monoamine oxidase A inhibition.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Monoamine oxidase inhibition in cigarette smokers: From preclinical studies to tobacco product regulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Cigarette Smoke Extract, but Not Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Extract, Inhibits Monoamine OxidaseFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition by Plant-Derived β-Carbolines; Implications for the Psychopharmacology of Tobacco and Ayahuasca.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Biologically Active Compounds Present in Tobacco Smoke: Potential Interactions Between Smoking and Mental Health.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Behavioral predictors of individual differences in opioid addiction vulnerability as measured using i.v. self-administration in rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Review
- β-Carbolines found in cigarette smoke elevate intracranial self-stimulation thresholds in rats.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAlthough nicotine is the primary reinforcing constituent in cigarettes, there is evidence that other constituents in cigarette smoke may interact with nicotine to reinforce smoking behavior.
methodsThe present experiments investigated whether a novel combination of these cigarette smoke constituents would increase nicotine self-administration in adult male rats. The constituents included five minor alkaloids (anabasine, nornicotine, cotinine, myosmine, and anatabine), two β-carbolines (harman and norharman), and acetaldehyde. All doses were indexed to be proportional to concentrations in cigarette smoke given a standard dose of nicotine used in rodent self-administration, or ten times higher than this standard. To model MAO inhibition seen in chronic smokers, some groups received separate injections of tranylcypromine prior to each self-administration session.
resultsTranylcypromine increased low-dose nicotine self-administration independent of other smoke constituents, which had no effect on self-administration behavior. The effect of tranylcypromine was confirmed across a large range of reinforcement schedules. The effect of tranylcypromine on low-dose nicotine self-administration was observed regardless of whether the injection was delivered 1-h or 23-h prior to the self-administration session, consistent with the interpretation that MAO inhibition was responsible for the increase in self-administration, instead of acute off-target effects.
conclusionsThese data suggest that this cocktail of constituents does not significantly alter the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, but constituents that inhibit MAO may increase the primary reinforcing effects of nicotine, especially at low doses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.