ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2015
Should clinical case definitions of influenza in hospitalized older adults include fever?
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05084898 (Do Far-UVC Light Devices Reduce the Incidence of Respiratory Viral Illness in Long-term Care Facilities?), which is not on this map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Do Far-UVC Light Devices Reduce the Incidence of Respiratory Viral Illness in Long-term Care Facilities?
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- World Health Organization Influenza-Like Illness Underestimates the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Epidemic dynamics and age-specific distribution of respiratory pathogens: a direct-to-consumer surveillance study in four regions of China, October 2023-February 2025.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Afebrile Presentation in COPD Patients with Influenza A: A Risk Factor for Prolonged Viral Shedding.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Do all Emergency Room Patients With Influenza-like Symptoms Need Blood Cultures? A Retrospective Cohort Study of 2 Annual Influenza Seasons.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Association of Tecovirimat Therapy With Mpox Symptom Improvement: A Cross-sectional Study-King County, Washington, May-October 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Age Differences in Comorbidities, Presenting Symptoms, and Outcomes of Influenza Illness Requiring Hospitalization: A Worldwide Perspective From the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Individual Factors Including Age, BMI, and Heritable Factors Underlie Temperature Variation in Sickness and in Health: An Observational, Multi-cohort Study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2022Observational
- Clinical Features, Inpatient Trajectories and Frailty in Older Inpatients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Observational Study.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Screening for COVID-19 in Older Adults: Pulse Oximeter vs. Temperature.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Surveillance of medically-attended influenza in elderly patients from Romania-data from three consecutive influenza seasons (2015/16, 2016/17, and 2017/18).Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Article
- Efficacy comparison of oseltamivir alone and oseltamivir-antibiotic combination for early resolution of symptoms of severe influenza-A and influenza-B hospitalized patients.Saudi medical journal · 2020Article
- Influenza With and Without Fever: Clinical Predictors and Impact on Outcomes in Patients Requiring Hospitalization.Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- COVID-19 and Gastrointestinal Symptoms-A Case Report.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- The effects of age on clinical characteristics, hospitalization and mortality of patients with influenza-related illness at a tertiary care centre in Malaysia.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Article
- Usefulness of Clinical Definitions of Influenza for Public Health Surveillance Purposes.Viruses · 2020Article
- Article
- Effect of four neuraminidase inhibitors on influenza in Osaka, Japan: An eight-year survey.Journal of general and family medicine · 2020Article
- Long-term health effects of antipyretic drug use in the ageing population: protocol for a systematic review.F1000Research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionInfluenza is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly persons. Fever is included in all standard definitions of influenza-like illness (ILI), yet older patients may have diminished febrile response to infection. Therefore, we examined the utility of various thresholds to define fever for case definitions of influenza in persons ≥ 65 years of age.
methodsData from two prospective surveillance studies for respiratory viral infection in adults hospitalized with acute cardiopulmonary illnesses with or without fever were examined. The highest temperature reported prior to admission or measured during the first 24 h after admission was recorded. The diagnosis of influenza was made by a combination of viral culture, reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, antigen testing, and serology.
resultsA total of 2410 subjects (66% ≥ 65 years of age) were enrolled; 281 had influenza (261 influenza A, 19 influenza B, and one mixed influenza A and B). The commonly used definition of ILI (fever ≥ 37·8°C and cough) resulted in 57% sensitivity and 71% specificity in older adults. Receiver operating characteristic curves examining the various temperature thresholds combined with cough and/or sore throat showed the optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity to be 37·9°C (AUC 0·71) and 37·3°C (AUC 0·66), in younger and older persons, respectively.
conclusionClinical decision rules using the presence of cough and fever may be helpful when screening for influenza or empiric antiviral treatment when rapid influenza testing is not available; however, lower fever thresholds may be considered for elderly subjects.
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